UK Accuses China of Using Academics for Espionage in AI and Tech Research
MI5 Issues Espionage Alert Over Chinese Academic Funding
By Michael Holden
LONDON, Sept 30 (Reuters) - Britain's MI5 spy agency issued an unprecedented alert on Wednesday to warn that a Chinese organisation was involved in funding academic research into topics such as AI on behalf of Beijing's state security service.
Details of the Espionage Alert
In its "Espionage Alert", MI5 said more than 100 UK-based academics had contributed to projects funded by the China General Technology Research Institute (CGTRI), which had "very strong ties" to the Chinese Ministry of State Security (MSS), Beijing's civilian intelligence service.
"MI5 has identified that the primary purpose of CGTRI is to fund academic research that directly improves MSS technical capability for espionage," the alert said.
Topics of Concern
"UK academics have contributed to CGTRI-funded projects on topics including Artificial Intelligence (AI), cybersecurity, covert communications systems and steganography. This activity supports MSS espionage, which poses a threat to UK national security."
What is Steganography?
Steganography is the practice of hiding information within messages or objects.
Context and Background
The warning, which MI5 said was the first time it had independently published an alert publicly, is the latest in a series of accusations concerning Chinese espionage activities, and highlights the tension between British security concerns and the government's moves to build ties with Beijing.
Beijing has denounced previous allegations as being unfounded and pure fabrication.
China's Response to Allegations
CHINA HAS REJECTED SPYING ALLEGATIONS
Implications for UK Academia
MI5 said many academics and institutions would have engaged in good faith with the CGTRI, which it said was sometimes translated as the China Academy of General Technology (CAGT), without knowing of its close ties to the MSS.
But it said those who continued to do so would now risk prosecution under Britain's National Security Act, which was passed in 2023 to give greater powers to target foreign spying and hostile state activities.
Government Response
Security minister Dan Jarvis said he had written to all university leaders in Britain to ensure staff ended any relationship with the Chinese organisation.
"This alert exposes attempts by Chinese intelligence to covertly benefit from the expertise and research of our academics, undermining our national security, and that of our allies," he said in a statement.
"International partnerships are vital to ensure our universities and research institutes continue to thrive, but we will take robust action to defend against the threats we face."
UK-China Relations and Ongoing Security Concerns
Britain's relationship with China has become increasingly complicated in recent years.
Balancing Trade and Security
On the one hand, the British government has sought better relations with Beijing to improve trade ties and approved plans for China to build its largest embassy in Europe in London, but it has also repeatedly warned of Chinese spying efforts and attempts to undermine the British democratic system.
Previous MI5 Warnings
Last year, Ken McCallum, MI5's director-general, said Chinese spies posed a daily national security threat, and were creating fake job adverts to try to lure British professionals into handing over information.
His agency also issued an alert to British lawmakers last November that Chinese agents were targeting them to collect information and influence their activity by posing as headhunters or companies.
International Collaboration Against Espionage
In June, security agencies from the "Five Eyes" alliance of the US, Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand published a warning about Chinese spies aggressively using online job platforms to recruit people with access to sensitive information.
China's Official Response
China's London embassy said the warning was "entirely fabricated and constitutes malicious slander".
(Reporting by Michael Holden; Editing by Aidan Lewis)
