India-UK trade pact takes effect, cutting tariffs and boosting services trade
Key Provisions and Impact of the India-UK Trade Agreement
By Manoj Kumar and Shivangi Acharya
Overview of the Trade Pact Implementation
NEW DELHI, July 15 (Reuters) - India and Britain's trade pact took effect on Wednesday, cutting tariffs on thousands of goods and expanding market access for services firms and professionals in both countries.
Benefits for Indian Exporters
The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement gives Indian exporters duty-free access to most British tariff lines, benefiting sectors such as textiles, leather, footwear, marine products, gems and jewellery, and processed foods.
Advantages for British Businesses
Britain, meanwhile, gains greater access to one of the world's fastest-growing major economies through phased tariff cuts and quotas for sectors such as automobiles and silver, as well as openings in procurement, financial services, education, insurance and professional services.
Statements from Leaders
Prime Minister Narendra Modi said in a post on X that the trade pact and accompanying social security agreement would deepen economic ties and give "fresh momentum" to India's farmers, entrepreneurs and small businesses.
Bilateral Trade Figures and Tariff Reductions
India exported $13.44 billion of goods to Britain and imported $11.68 billion in the 2025/26 fiscal year. Bilateral services trade totalled $35.44 billion in 2024, with India running a services surplus of nearly $7.9 billion, according to Indian trade ministry data.
Britain will immediately remove duties on 96.8% of tariff lines, covering 97.7% of trade by value. India will eliminate duties at once on 64.1% of tariff lines and gradually phase them out on a further 21%, while excluding sensitive products.
Sectoral Gains for India
Indian officials expect gains in sectors where British tariffs had ranged from 4% to 20%. Duties on marine exports, textiles, leather, footwear, gems and jewellery will be eliminated, boosting the competitiveness of Indian exports.
Engineering Exports and Market Access
Engineering exporters also expect to benefit. Britain is among India's top five engineering export markets, with shipments rising to $4.7 billion in 2025/26. Exports climbed 34.4% year-on-year to $972.5 million in the first two months of 2026/27, according to the Engineering Export Promotion Council (EEPC) of India.
EEPC Chairman's Remarks
EEPC Chairman Pankaj Chadha said the agreement would improve market access for products including electrical machinery, auto components and steel, helping engineering exports to Britain exceed $7.5 billion by 2029/30.
Opportunities for British Industries
Britain is set to benefit from India's gradual opening of its automobiles and alcoholic beverages markets. Passenger vehicle imports will be subject to a phased quota system, allowing 37,000 fully built vehicles a year to enter at preferential tariff rates.
Expansion of Services Trade and Professional Mobility
The services package expands market access across 137 sub-sectors, including IT, business services, telecoms, finance and education, and eases temporary entry rules for business visitors, transferees, investors, service suppliers and independent professionals.
Social Security and Professional Benefits
A linked Double Contribution Convention will exempt eligible Indian professionals and employers from paying into Britain's National Insurance system for stays of up to five years, benefiting about 75,000 workers and 900 employers.
Government Procurement Opportunities
The pact also opens Britain's government procurement market, estimated at about £90 billion ($121 billion), to Indian suppliers, while India offers reciprocal opportunities worth around $114 billion.
($1 = 0.7464 pounds)
(Reporting by Manoj Kumar and Shivangi Acharya. Editing by Alexandra Hudson and Mark Potter)