As demographic crisis bites, Italy cuts school staff

Italy Reduces School Teaching and Support Staff in Response to Falling Enrolment

Government Cuts in Education Staffing Amid Demographic Decline

By Alvise Armellini

ROME, Nov 2 (Reuters) - Italy's government is cutting back on teachers and janitors as the country's plunging birthrate reduces the number of children in classrooms, prompting protests from unions, principals and opposition parties.

Union and Principal Reactions

"Demographic decline is real, a very serious problem. But it cannot be used as an excuse to further weaken our public education system," Mario Rusconi from principals' association Anp told Monday's la Repubblica daily.

The education ministry was not immediately available for comment.

Details of Staffing Reductions

Budget Law Provisions

The draft 2027 budget law, approved by the cabinet last week, says staffing levels should fall by 4,925 units for teachers and 2,049 units for non-teaching staff, starting from the 2027-2028 school year.

It also introduces a 75% cap on public sector hires to replace retiring staff, which according to government estimates should produce savings of €336 million ($375 million) over 2027-2028. 

Previous Budget Cuts

The measures add to previous cuts from the 2025 budget law, which reduced school staffing levels by 5,660 units for teachers starting from 2025-2026, and by 2,174 for non-teaching staff from 2026-2027. 

Falling Student Numbers

Demographic Crisis and School Enrolment

Italy is facing one of the worst demographic crises in Europe, with inevitable repercussions on its student population. Pupils in primary and secondary schools fell from 8.4 million in 2017-2018 to 7.7 million in 2024-2025, official data show. 

Union Criticism

"The decline in student enrolment should be an opportunity to reduce class sizes and improve the quality of education. Instead, staffing levels continue to be cut, compounding the difficulties of a system already burdened by precarious employment," the UIL trade union said. 

Economic and Political Context

Government Constraints

Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni's rightist government has little room for extra spending, constrained by EU deficit limits and soaring energy costs which weigh on a slow-growing economy and have pushed inflation to 5.6% in October. 

Public Response and Protests

Her government, facing an election next year, is also facing street protests over the cost-of-living crisis which have in some cases turned violent and have partly been animated by students demanding more investment in schools and universities.  

Currency Exchange Rate

($1 = 0.8948 euros)

(Reporting by Alvise Armellini, additional reporting by Giuseppe FonteEdiitng by Keith Weir)