Germany's struggling coalition government strives to bridge differences
Coalition Challenges and Political Dynamics in Germany
By Markus Wacket and James Mackenzie
Government Struggles Amid Economic Uncertainty
BERLIN, May 5 (Reuters) - German Chancellor Friedrich Merz stuck with his centre-left coalition partners on Tuesday despite weeks of wrangling over tax, welfare and health reforms that have raised growing questions over the future of his government.
As his first anniversary in office approaches on Wednesday, Merz's approval ratings and support for his conservative Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the centre-left Social Democrats (SPD) have plummeted amid widespread economic gloom.
After two years of recession, Germany returned to growth at the end of last year but the fragile recovery risks being snuffed out by an energy shock from the war with Iran and new U.S. tariffs targeting carmakers that are already struggling with stifling competition from China.
Public Sentiment and Coalition Stability
"I know the mood in the country is critical, very critical," Merz told a conference in Berlin, adding that the sense of unease was "palpable". But he dismissed growing media speculation the coalition may fall apart, leading to new elections. "What on earth would come of that?" he said.
"No, we want to and we must succeed with this coalition we now have," he said.
Economic Competence and Public Opinion
Reform Stalemates and Political Infighting
ECONOMIC COMPETENCE QUESTIONED IN OPINION POLL
Merz came to power a year ago, pledging to rebuild Germany's depleted armed forces after decades of neglect and overhaul pensions, tax, welfare and health spending to ease growing pressure on public finance.
But the long-promised reforms have been held up by disputes between the SPD and CDU over tax levels, spending priorities and welfare, with each side accusing the other of failure to compromise.
Merz, a convinced free marketeer who was fiercely critical of the SPD in previous years, has tempered his attacks on the left since taking office but he repeated calls on his partners to make concessions.
Calls for Compromise
"The Union has made a great many compromises over the past 12 months, and that is precisely why it is now time for greater flexibility and a greater willingness to compromise on the part of the SPD," Merz said.
Shifting Political Landscape
Opinion polls now put the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party up to five points ahead of the CDU, with the SPD battling the opposition Greens for third place after disastrous results for the party in two state elections this year.
According to a survey to be published in the business daily Handelsblatt, 73% of Germans doubt Merz's economic competence, previously an area seen as one of his main strengths.
"There's no point in trying to get around it: trust in politics has declined," finance minister and SPD leader Lars Klingbeil told reporters. "The dispute, and particularly the heated debate of recent weeks, has also done us harm as a coalition and as a government."
Government Achievements and Ongoing Issues
Pension and Health Reform Hurdles
GOVERNMENT HAILS FALL IN IMMIGRATION
Opposition from within Merz's own party led to a climbdown over pension reforms at the end of last year, as he agreed to appoint a special commission to consider fresh proposals as part of the price for avoiding a defeat in parliament.
But key issues including retirement age, contribution rates and benefit levels are still undecided.
The statutory health insurance system, facing funding deficits expected to balloon to tens of billions of euros in coming years, must also be agreed as well as long-promised tax reforms to incentivise employment and encourage investment.
Achievements Overshadowed by Controversy
The government has pointed to a sharp rise in defence spending and a steep fall in irregular immigration and asylum approvals over the past year as significant achievements. But the sickly state of the economy and wrangling over reforms have dominated other issues.
"Many of our achievements have been overshadowed by too much public controversy and squabbling, particularly in the weeks since Easter," said CDU parliamentary leader Jens Spahn.
Calls for Unity
"We must and want to break free from it and return to working together within this coalition," he said.
(Writing by James Mackenzie; Editing by Alison Williams and Daniel Wallis)
