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Britons paid £59 billion too little tax last year, government says

Published by Global Banking & Finance Review

Posted on June 23, 2026

2 min read

· Last updated: June 23, 2026

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Britons Underpay £59.2 Billion in Tax for 2024/25, Mostly by Small Businesses

Tax Underpayment and Its Impact on the UK Economy

LONDON, June 23 (Reuters) - Britons paid £59.2 billion ($78 billion) less tax than they should have in the 2024/25 financial year, equivalent to 6.4% of the total, with most of the shortfall coming from small businesses, the country's tax office said on Tuesday.

Government Response and Fiscal Goals

Britain's government aims to reduce this shortfall by £10 billion by 2029/30, but past progress has been slow and the overall underpayment rate has fallen by just 1 percentage point over the past 20 years.

Britain ran a budget deficit of £128 billion or 4.2% of gross domestic product last financial year, and finance minister Rachel Reeves has only £24 billion of leeway to hit a goal of balancing day-to-day spending with tax revenue by 2029/30.

Fraud and Error in the Welfare System

Trends in Welfare Overpayments

Separate figures from the government's Office for Budget Responsibility showed fraud and error in the welfare system, including pensions, dropped to 3.2% in 2025/26, down from a peak of 4.3% in 2021/22 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Overall overpayments were estimated at £10.3 billion in 2025-26, of which £7.4 billion was for universal credit, a benefit paid to people who are unemployed or on low incomes.

Universal Credit Claims and Fraud

More than a quarter of new universal credit claims during the COVID-19 pandemic were wrong, but the rate of fraud and error for universal credit has now been reduced to pre-COVID-19 of just under 10%, the OBR said.

Britain's Department for Work and Pensions said 81% of universal credit overpayments last year were due to suspected fraud by claimants, while 10% was due to claimants' inadvertent errors and 9% was a result of errors by officials.

Causes of Tax Underpayment

The tax office estimated 35% of tax underpayments were due to carelessness or negligence by taxpayers, 16% was due to error and 12% down to tax evasion.

Corporation tax and value-added tax were the most common taxes that were not paid, it added.

($1 = 0.7567 pounds)

(Reporting by David Milliken, editing by Andy Bruce)

Key Takeaways

  • The tax underpayment—or “tax gap”—for 2024/25 was £59.2 bn, equal to 6.4% of total tax due, down only slightly from 20 years ago.
  • Small businesses are the biggest contributor to the gap, consistent with 2023/24 findings showing they made up around 60% of missing tax, with corporation tax being a major source.
  • The government aims to close £10 bn of the tax gap by 2029/30 through increased compliance efforts, additional staffing, and better enforcement, although prior reductions have been modest.

References

Frequently Asked Questions

How much tax was underpaid in the UK for the 2024/25 financial year?
According to HMRC, Britons underpaid £59.2 billion in tax, equivalent to 6.4% of the total.
Which group contributed most to the UK tax shortfall?
Most of the tax shortfall came from small businesses.
What is the UK government's target for reducing the tax shortfall by 2029/30?
The UK government aims to reduce the tax shortfall by £10 billion by the 2029/30 financial year.
What were the main reasons for tax underpayment in the UK?
35% was due to carelessness or negligence, 16% due to error, and 12% related to tax evasion.
Which taxes were most commonly underpaid in the UK?
Corporation tax and value-added tax (VAT) were the most commonly underpaid taxes.

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