Finance
Lkab Plan for Swedish Rare Earths Mine Could Breach Sami Rights, Report Says
Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®
Posted on April 15, 2026
3 min readLast updated: April 15, 2026
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Quick Summary
A Stockholm Environment Institute report warns LKAB’s planned Per Geijer iron ore–rare earth mining project in northern Sweden may violate Sami indigenous rights by disrupting reindeer migration, despite its strategic importance under the EU’s Critical Raw Materials Act.
LKAB Swedish Rare Earths Project Could Breach Sami Rights, SEI Report Warns
Potential Impacts and Controversies Surrounding the LKAB Rare Earths Project
SEI Report Highlights Risks to Sami Rights
STOCKHOLM, April 15 (Reuters) - LKAB's plans for an iron ore and rare earths project in Sweden's far north could violate the rights of the indigenous Sami reindeer-herders if it is opened, a report by Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) published on Wednesday said.
Project Background and EU Strategic Importance
Per Geijer, located near LKAB's existing Kiruna mine, is one of the European Union's flagship projects in its strategy to reduce reliance on China for rare earths needed for the transition to clean energy, defence and electric vehicle production.
Sami Community Concerns
But Sami reindeer-herders say it would spell the end of their traditional way of life, and have vowed to fight the mine in the courts.
"LKAB's project carries a significant risk of violating the indigenous rights of the Sami community members," said Rasmus Klocker Larsen, senior research fellow at the non-profit SEI.
Legal and Human Rights Implications
SEI said LKAB's plans for Per Geijer would breach Sweden's duties under the United Nations' International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the U.N.'s Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
The mine would prevent herders from moving their reindeer from winter to summer pastures, among other things.
LKAB's Response and Dialogue Efforts
LKAB said it had not reviewed the report.
"We understand our plans for the new deposit would have an impact and we want to engage in dialogue with the Sami village to develop appropriate and far‑reaching measures for compensation and to identify various solutions going forward," the company said.
Broader Context: Economic Security vs. Human Rights
The conflict highlights the tensions and competing legislation that exists between Europe's economic security goals and commitments to human rights.
Project Scale and Strategic Designation
Per Geijer, with 1.2 billion tonnes of total mineral resources, of which 2.2 million tonnes are rare earth oxides, is one of Europe's biggest rare earth finds.
It is designated a strategic project by the EU, which means permitting should be accelerated. Sweden's government wants to lead a new "green" industrial age in Europe and is cutting red tape for new mines.
Future Prospects and Legal Pathways
LKAB has said Per Geijer is crucial for the long-term viability of the Kiruna mine - the world's biggest underground iron ore mine. It applied for a mining concession last year. If granted, it would still need an environmental permit to start operations. Both could be appealed.
Sami Perspective and Cultural Concerns
The Sami say they are not against mines if they don't threaten their culture.
"This could be the last nail in the coffin that means the end of the whole community," said Lars-Marcus Kuhmunen, chairman of the Gabna Sami.
(Reporting by Simon Johnson; Editing by Paul Simao)
Key Takeaways
- •The Per Geijer deposit, one of Europe’s largest rare earth finds (1.2 billion tonnes total, 2.2 million tonnes rare earth oxides), is designated a EU ‘strategic project’ under the CRMA, accelerating potential funding and permitting (lkab.com).
- •Sami herders—particularly from the Gabna community—argue the mine would sever vital migration routes between summer and winter grazing lands, threatening their culture and way of life (euronews.com).
- •Although LKAB seeks dialogue and compensation measures with the Sami, legal requirements around environmental and indigenous rights (UN treaties, Sweden’s strict permitting laws) pose significant hurdles to the project progressing smoothly (euronews.com).
References
Frequently Asked Questions about LKAB plan for Swedish rare earths mine could breach Sami rights, report says
1What is the LKAB Per Geijer project?
The Per Geijer project is LKAB's planned iron ore and rare earths mine near Kiruna, Sweden, part of the EU's strategy for critical minerals.
2Why are Sami rights at risk due to the LKAB mine?
The SEI report states that the mine could violate the rights of Sami reindeer-herders by disrupting traditional herding routes and their way of life.
3How is the EU involved in the Per Geijer mine?
The EU designates the mine as a strategic project to reduce reliance on China for rare earths, aiming to accelerate permitting processes.
4What steps has LKAB proposed regarding Sami concerns?
LKAB says it wants to engage in dialogue with the Sami community to develop compensation measures and potential solutions.
5Can the mining concession or environmental permit be appealed?
Yes, both the mining concession and environmental permit for the Per Geijer project can be appealed if granted.
