Strait of Hormuz Disruptions Put SMEs at Risk in Global Trade Supply Chains
Impact of Strait of Hormuz Disruptions on SMEs and Global Trade
UNCTAD Warns of Increased Vulnerability for SMEs
GENEVA, Sept 8 (Reuters) - Disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz could push small and medium-sized businesses out of global supply chains, increasing economic concentration and weakening the resilience of international trade, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development said on Tuesday.
Financial Pressures on SMEs
• Rising energy bills, freight rates, insurance premiums and financing constraints sparked by the U.S-Iran war place heavier burdens on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) than on large firms, leaving them more vulnerable than large corporations that can diversify suppliers, markets and funding sources.
Global Significance of SMEs
• SMEs account for around 90% of global businesses, 70% of employment and 50% of world GDP, according to the report, meaning the disruptions risk ripple effects far beyond the shipping lanes.
Middle East Conflict and Oil Trade Disruptions
• For months, markets have been rattled by the conflict in the Middle East which has caused major disruptions to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, the strategic waterway between Iran and Oman through which a substantial share of global oil trade usually passes.
• After a month of calm in August, fighting in the Gulf resumed, with Iran and the U.S. exchanging fire, sending global oil prices back up to levels unseen since July. Brent crude prices were up more than 2% on Tuesday, above $99 a barrel.
Wider Economic Impact of Regional Instability
• Houthi attacks on southwestern Saudi Arabia have the potential to deepen the economic impact of the conflict by disrupting Middle East energy supplies beyond the blockaded Strait of Hormuz.
SME Exclusion Effect and Long-Term Risks
• UNCTAD warned the disruption risked an “SME exclusion effect”, where smaller companies could be forced to scale back production, delay investments or exit value chains altogether, even if overall trade volumes eventually improve.
• "The risk is not only that trade slows globally. It is that smaller firms can be really pushed out of the value chains, even when overall trade begins to recover," said UNCTAD spokesperson Marcelo Risi.
Recent Shocks and Ongoing Challenges
• UNCTAD said recent shocks had already been reflected in higher crude prices, lower shipping transit volumes and rising borrowing costs, weighing particularly hard on SMEs, which already face higher relative operating costs such as electricity and import compliance than larger firms.
(Reporting by Olivia Le Poidevin; Editing by Hugh Lawson)