Top hyperscalers likely to have more AI-linked debt than now known, S&P Global warns

S&P Global Warns of Undisclosed AI-Linked Debt Among Top Hyperscalers

Analysis of AI-Driven Debt Risks in Major Tech Firms

By Marc Jones

Concerns Over Hidden Liabilities

LONDON, Oct 19 (Reuters) - S&P Global estimates the world's biggest tech firms are likely to have more AI-linked liabilities than currently known, although its top analyst for the sector sees no need to change any ratings at present.

Debt issued by AI infrastructure providers and so-called 'neocloud' firms such as Nvidia-backed CoreWeave has sunk to increasingly stressed levels in recent weeks amid concerns about the aggressive scale of their borrowing.

Risks to Hyperscalers' Ratings

S&P's Global Head for Digital Infrastructure Mark Habib said the biggest risk to hyperscalers' ratings remained whether expected profits fail to materialise.

But he also highlighted so-called 'interconnected financing structures', where hyperscalers effectively guarantee huge data centre builds, or smaller AI companies.

Lack of Transparency in Debt Reporting

"It is safe to assume that there is more (debt) out there that we are not seeing," Habib said during a roundtable in London.

"If it's not reported, then it's not part of the disclosure by the hyperscalers. Also, if we are not rating the transactions where this liability may accrue, then the fact of the matter is that we might not have the visibility."

Projected Spending and Financial Outlook

S&P expects the top six US hyperscalers — Amazon, Microsoft, Alphabet, Oracle, Meta, and SpaceX — to spend more than $7 trillion on data centers and other AI-related capex between 2025 and 2030, and have negative free cash flow until at least next year.

Habib said there wasn't an estimate of how much additional debt the circular financing might add to firms' balance sheets, although he said S&P was trying to take a "holistic" view overall.

Back in July, it downgraded Oracle to BBB-, the lowest rung of 'investment grade', on concerns about its AI spending and what it called "an uncertain path to profitability".

Market Reactions and Ratings Stability

Habib was also asked whether the recent market selloff of bonds linked to the aggressive AI buildout was a sign that investors see them as riskier than ratings indicate.

"For now, we don't have the view that there is a major disconnect that needs to force our ratings to change at this point," he said, saying S&P's scores were designed to take a longer-term view.

Potential Triggers for Ratings Changes

He said what could change that view was if it became clear the amount of money being spent was no longer sustainable.

"And that could come from a variety of drivers," Habib said. "Further increases in the investments (by AI firms), or a view that the revenue rate of competition is getting too intense."

(Reporting by Marc Jones; Editing by Jan Harvey)