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Germany's Commerzbank has bumpy history with big M&A

Published by Global Banking & Finance Review

Posted on March 16, 2026

4 min read

· Last updated: May 8, 2026

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Germany's Commerzbank holds independence line in UniCredit bid battle

By Tom Sims

Commerzbank's History and UniCredit Takeover Timeline

FRANKFURT, May 8 (Reuters) - Commerzbank on Friday pledged to reduce costs by cutting staff and upgraded its financial targets, as it seeks to fend off UniCredit's takeover attempt.

Like some other banks, Commerzbank has had a rocky history with big mergers and acquisitions over the years.

Key Moments in Commerzbank's Evolution

These are some of the key moments:

Early Foundations and Expansion

1870 to 1970s

Founded in Hamburg and later moved to Berlin. Relocated to Frankfurt in 1970 as one of Germany's leading banks, focusing on retail and corporate customers.

1970s

Expands to New York, London and other European capitals.

Major Acquisitions and Financial Crisis

2008

Agrees to buy Dresdner Bank, one of Germany's biggest banks, from insurer Allianz in a $14.5 billion deal.

Commerzbank is the first commercial bank to turn to German government for capital during the global financial crisis.

2009

German bailout takes a 25% plus one share Commerzbank stake in return for an extra 10 billion euro capital injection.

Restructuring and Stakeholder Changes

2016

Commerzbank embarks on a multi-year restructuring.

2017

U.S. investor Cerberus builds a stake controlling 5% of Commerzbank voting rights. UniCredit tells Berlin it is interested in eventually merging with Commerzbank, Reuters reports, to create one of Europe's biggest banks.

2018

Commerzbank drops out of the blue-chip DAX index.

2019

Cerberus says it is open to a merger between Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank. The two institutions hold talks, but call them off weeks later.

UniCredit engages investment bankers to advise it on a potential bid for Commerzbank, whose supervisory board approves cutting thousands of staff and closing a fifth of its branches.

Recent Developments and UniCredit's Bid

2020

In a U-turn, Commerzbank says it would not sell Polish subsidiary mBank, citing poor market conditions.

Commerzbank chairman and CEO step down, bowing to Cerberus demands.

2021

New CEO Manfred Knof wants to cut 10,000 jobs and close hundreds of branches as part of a revamp. Knof says Commerzbank is working to remain independent.

2022-2023

UniCredit CEO Andrea Orcel approaches Knof about a deal in early 2022, before the Ukraine war, Reuters reports. Meanwhile, Commerzbank returns to profit and rejoins DAX.

2024

September 11 - UniCredit approaches Commerzbank about exploring merger talks, according to a person with knowledge of the matter, after the Italian bank bought a 9% stake. Commerzbank's management discusses how to keep it independent.

September 13 - German government officials and UniCredit bankers hold talks, Reuters reports.

September 16 - Knof snubs UniCredit's overtures, saying he had his own plans and hopes bank can remain independent.

September 20 - Germany says it would not sell any more shares in Commerzbank for now.

September 23 - German Chancellor Olaf Scholz calls UniCredit's move to acquire a possible 21% stake "an unfriendly attack".

September 24 - Commerzbank says Bettina Orlopp is to become CEO.

October 1 - Orlopp, on her first day as CEO, tells staff she wants Commerzbank to remain independent.

December 18 - UniCredit announces an increase in its stake through derivatives to around 28%.

2025

January 31 - Commerzbank posts a 20% increase in net profit in 2024, in an earnings report published nearly two weeks ahead of schedule.

February 13 - Commerzbank plans to axe 3,900 mostly local jobs to help it deliver more ambitious profit targets.

March 14 - Commerzbank takes note of ECB approval of UniCredit's stake rise, but remains focused on its strategy.

2026

March 16 - UniCredit launches unsolicited bid to raise its stake above 30%. Commerzbank, German government and a key union voice reservations.

April 7 - Short-lived talks between the banks fall apart.

May 5 - UniCredit formally launches bid.

May 8 - Commerzbank updates its strategy with earnings.

(Reporting by Tom Sims, John O'Donnell and Valentina Za; Editing by Alexander Smith and Tomasz Janowski)

Key Takeaways

  • Commerzbank’s 2008 takeover of Dresdner Bank (~€9−14 billion) amid the financial crisis triggered a government bailout and a 25 %+1 shareholding by Berlin in 2009, marking partial nationalization (washingtonpost.com).
  • Attempts at consolidation continued in recent years: UniCredit built up a stake (via derivatives then equity) to ~29.9 % by early 2025, facing strong resistance from the German government, before launching a €35 billion voluntary takeover offer on March 16, 2026 (en.wikipedia.org).
  • Commerzbank’s long history of mergers—from early domestic acquisitions (1917‑‘23), international expansion in the 1970‑80s, to restructuring efforts from 2016 onward—paints a picture of a bank repeatedly pursuing growth while often clashing with regulatory, political, or strategic headwinds (en.wikipedia.org).

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What major M&A deals has Commerzbank been involved in?
Commerzbank's major deals include its acquisition of Dresdner Bank in 2008, attempted mergers with Deutsche Bank and ongoing merger discussions with UniCredit.
Why did Commerzbank seek government support in 2009?
During the global financial crisis in 2009, Commerzbank received a government bailout in exchange for a 25% stake and a capital injection to stabilize the bank.
What actions has Cerberus taken regarding Commerzbank?
US investor Cerberus built a significant stake, called for cost-cutting, demanded board representation, and influenced leadership changes.
What is UniCredit's role in Commerzbank's recent history?
UniCredit has repeatedly sought to increase its stake in Commerzbank and made several attempts to initiate merger talks, most recently launching bids to surpass a 30% stake.
How is Commerzbank responding to merger overtures?
Commerzbank's management has generally resisted merger attempts, emphasizing the bank's plans to remain independent and considering other defensive strategies.

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