WHO Warns of Growing Ebola Outbreak in Congo After Months Undetected
Overview and Developments of the Ebola Outbreak in Congo
By Jennifer Rigby and Olivia Le Poidevin
GENEVA, May 20 (Reuters) - The Ebola outbreak linked to more than 130 deaths in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo likely started two months ago and is expected to continue to grow, the World Health Organization said on Wednesday.
The outbreak of the rare Bundibugyo strain, for which there is no vaccine, was declared last Friday and has alarmed experts because of how long it went undetected while spreading across a densely populated area, making it difficult to trace and isolate the contacts of infected individuals.
The WHO had previously pointed to "a critical four-week detection gap" between when the first known case started showing symptoms and laboratory confirmation of the outbreak.
Timeline and Investigation
"Investigations are ongoing to ascertain when and where exactly this outbreak started," Anais Legand, WHO technical officer for viral threats, told reporters in Geneva. "Given the scale, we are thinking that it has started probably a couple of months ago."
Congo has tackled 16 previous Ebola outbreaks but first responders say they lack basic supplies, ranging from pain killers and face masks to the motorcycles needed to trace contacts, undermining their efforts to prevent further spread.
Public Health Emergency Status
PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY
Six hundred suspected cases and 139 suspected deaths have been recorded so far, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told reporters in Geneva. Fifty-one cases have been confirmed by laboratory testing in Congo, and two cases have also been confirmed in neighbouring Uganda.
Tedros said a WHO Emergency Committee had met on Tuesday and confirmed the outbreak was a public health emergency of international concern but not a pandemic emergency.
He had declared the emergency at the weekend, the first time a WHO chief had taken that step without first consulting experts, due to the urgency of the situation.
“The WHO assess the risk of the epidemic as high at the national and regional levels and low at the global level,” Tedros said.
Strain Characteristics and Transmission
Bundibugyo Strain Details
SUPER-SPREADER EVENT SUSPECTED
The Bundibugyo strain of Ebola that caused the outbreak has an average fatality rate of around 40%, according to the WHO. Unlike with the more common Zaire strain, there are no approved virus-specific therapeutics or vaccines, and testing capacity is limited.
WHO experts have said that two possible vaccines are under consideration for use in the outbreak but could take three to nine months to be developed.
Historical Context
A 2018 to 2020 outbreak of the Zaire strain in eastern DRC was the second-deadliest on record, killing nearly 2,300 people.
Current Response Priorities
"Our absolute priority now is to identify all the existing chains of transmission ... that will then enable us to really define the scale of the outbreak and be able to provide care," said Chikwe Ihekweazu, WHO emergencies chief.
Super-Spreader Event and Delays
WHO experts said they suspected the outbreak likely started a couple of months ago, with the first suspected death reported on April 20. They believe that the first death was followed by a super-spreading event either at a funeral or a healthcare facility.
Reuters reported on Monday that confirmation of an outbreak was slowed by missteps by medical personnel, including an initial failure to escalate samples for further testing after they came back negative for the Zaire strain.
International Response and Funding
U.S. and South Africa Commit Funds to Response
U.S. AND SOUTH AFRICA COMMIT FUNDS TO RESPONSE
An American doctor who was working in Congo is among the confirmed Ebola cases. He has been transferred to Germany and his family are being taken to an isolation ward in the same hospital, Germany's health ministry said on Wednesday.
The man's wife and four children had also been in Congo but the statement did not say if they were showing symptoms.
Another U.S. doctor who came into contact with a patient infected with Ebola is being transferred from Uganda to a hospital in Prague, Czech officials said on Wednesday.
The U.S. government said it had mobilised an initial $13 million to respond to the outbreak and would help open 50 clinics to treat Ebola cases.
Funding and Preparedness Concerns
Experts have suggested the delays in detecting the outbreak may also show gaps in preparedness following cutbacks by the U.S. and other major donors to global health funding.
Tedros said that it was too early to say whether funding cuts in Congo or to the WHO had contributed to any delays in detecting or responding to the outbreak.
The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention said on Wednesday that South Africa had pledged $2.5 million to support the Ebola response.
(Reporting by Olivia Le Poidevin and Jennifer Rigby; Writing by Aaron Ross and David Lewis; Editing by Madeline Chambers, Alison Williams and Hugh Lawson)
