Published by Jessica Weisman-Pitts
Posted on December 19, 2024
4 min readLast updated: January 28, 2026
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By Leika Kihara, Satoshi Sugiyama
TOKYO (Reuters) -The Bank of Japan kept interest rates unchanged on Thursday and its governor offered few clues on how soon it could push up borrowing costs, sending the yen and bond yields tumbling on fresh doubts over the near-term chances of a rate hike.
As widely expected, the nine-member board maintained its short-term policy rate at 0.25% in a sign policymakers preferred to tread cautiously amid uncertainty over U.S. president-elect Donald Trump’s economic plans.
But hawkish board member Naoki Tamura dissented and proposed, unsuccessfully, to raise interest rates to 0.5% on the view that inflationary risks were building.
The BOJ’s meeting concluded hours after the U.S. Federal Reserve cut interest rates but signalled a more cautious path of easing next year, sending global stocks sharply lower.
BOJ Governor Kazuo Ueda reiterated the central bank’s resolve to keep raising rates from their current very low levels if the economy and prices move in line with its forecasts.
Asked why the BOJ stood pat, Ueda told a news conference that the bank preferred to await data on whether wages would retain their upward momentum next year, and to gain more clarity on Trump’s economic policies.
“Taken together, the likelihood of Japan’s economy moving in line with our forecast is heightening. But we’d like one notch more information to believe we can raise interest rates. That includes the sustainability of wage increases,” he said.
Investors widely interpreted his remarks as diminishing the chance of a rate hike at the BOJ’s next meeting in January. The dollar rose to 157.075 yen, up 1.4% on the day and its highest since July.
“There’s a chance the BOJ might wait until March, given he stressed the need to scrutinise next year’s wage negotiations,” said Junki Iwahashi, senior economist at Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Bank.
Ueda said the BOJ would not necessarily need to wait for a particular event or piece of data to hike rates, although it could take its time as Japan’s underlying inflation remained moderate. The rise in import prices, a key contributor to inflation that has been blamed in part on the weak yen, was slowing, he added.
The yen has been languishing in recent months near its lowest in 30 years as Japanese interest rates lag other major economies. Market players have pointed to yen weakness as a key reason for the BOJ to hike rates or get more hawkish in its communications.
STEADY RECOVERY
The BOJ holds it next policy meeting on Jan. 23-24. The central bank’s report on regional economies, due on Jan. 9, will offer clues on whether wage hikes are broadening out and taking root among smaller firms.
BOJ Deputy Governor Ryozo Himino will deliver a speech and hold a news conference on Jan. 14, which may offer further hints on whether the bank will raise rates in January.
The next window for a move after January will come two months later, on March 18-19.
The BOJ on Thursday also released its review of the pros and cons of monetary easing tools, including negative interest rates, deployed during its 25-year battle with deflation.
The review warned of various side effects from unconventional monetary easing measures, rendering them unsuitable as a substitute for traditional tools like interest rate cuts.
The BOJ ended negative interest rates in March and raised its short-term policy target to 0.25% in July. It has signalled a readiness to hike again if wages and prices move as projected.
All respondents in a Reuters poll taken earlier this month expected the BOJ to raise rates to 0.50% by end-March, although they had been divided on whether the move would come in December, January or March.
Japan’s economy expanded an annualised 1.2% in the three months to September, slowing from the previous quarter’s 2.2% increase, with consumption up a feeble 0.7%.
BOJ policymakers hope that workers’ regular pay, which recently has been rising at an annual pace of 2.5% to 3%, keeps increasing and supports consumption.
There are growing signs that companies are keen to continue hiking pay due to intensifying labour shortages, boding well for the BOJ’s plan to keep raising interest rates gradually.
But slowing demand in China and uncertainty over the fallout from Trump’s policies could weigh on corporate profits and discourage some of them from boosting pay.
(Reporting by Leika Kihara and Satoshi Sugiyama; Additional reporting by Makiko Yamazaki, Kantaro Komiya, Chang-Ran Kim, Yoshifumi Takemoto and Ankur Banerjee; Editing by Jamie Freed, Sam Holmes and Edmund Klamann)
Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank to manage the money supply and interest rates to achieve macroeconomic goals such as controlling inflation and fostering economic growth.
Interest rates are the cost of borrowing money or the return on savings, expressed as a percentage. They are influenced by central bank policies and affect economic activity.
Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power. Central banks aim to control inflation through monetary policy.
Economic growth is the increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over time, typically measured by the rise in Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
A central bank is responsible for overseeing the monetary system of a country, managing interest rates, controlling inflation, and ensuring financial stability.
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