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Once upon a Time…

In 2012, a new attack against SSL named “CRIME” (Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy) was introduced. The attack uses an inherent information leakage vulnerability resulting from the HTTP compression usage to defeat SSL’s encryption.

Despite the very interesting find, the CRIME attack suffered from two major practical drawbacks:

1. The attack threat model: for a CRIME attack to work, the attacker must control the plaintext AND to be able to intercept the encrypted message. This attack model limits the attack to mostly MITM (Man in the Middle) situation, you must use eavesdropping.
2. The CRIME attack was solely aimed at HTTP requests. However, most of the current web does not compress HTTP requests.

Last week at BlackHat 2013 in Amsterdam, Imperva’s Tal Be’ery, a Web Research Team Leader in the ADC Group, presented a new analysis of the CRIME attack, advising that the discovered cyber threat may be more serious than previously believed.

The analysis showed the potential for a new attack technique, which we’ve dubbed TIME (Timing Info-leak Made Easy), that could overcome the two limitations of the original CRIME attack, specifically removing the eavesdropping requirement and making the attack surface broader by focusing on HTTPS Response instead of HTTP request compression.

In Layman’s Terms
The TIME attack, which mainly affects Web Browsers, shows that all the hacker needs to do is redirect an innocent victim to the malicious web server, apply certain JavaScript and get the victim’s secret data; the barrier of the eavesdropping requirement is removed.

Diving into the Research
First and foremost, SSL is NOT broken and your online bank accounts are pretty much as safe as they were before this research. Attackers will still try to get your data by infecting your machines with malware and attacking the server with SQL injection or other web application attacks to get the data within the database. Tal’s research focused on being one step ahead of the hackers – understanding how they could evolve the attack to make it easier and more effective – so that the security industry becomes aware of the potential problem.

The main focus areas of the research:
Show that the CRIME attack could be extended to HTTP responses – The original CRIME attack had shown that the interaction between compression and encryption may leak data. However, the attack was limited to discovering secret data on the HTTP request only, namely the cookie. Therefore it was easily mitigated by disabling the compression of cookie header. Tal showed that CRIME attack techniques can be extended to attack any secret data on the HTTP response.

The eavesdropping requirement of the CRIME attack is one of the main reasons that the attack vector was considered impractical, since it required the attacker to be located either on the same network or have some control already of the victim, which renders the vector ineffective.

Key Takeaway
Using the extended TIME techniques, our research show that an attacker can infer on the data size from timing measurements taken by a JavaScript, allowing the attack to be carried out by a remote attacker, this elevates the severity of the attack vector for the first time as it removes the need for eavesdropping from the game. Second, the extension of the attack to HTTP Response grows the attack surface as most applications allow HTTP Response compression for performance reasons (unlike HTTP Request where compression is sometimes redundant) therefore making the vulnerable potential attack surface larger.

Where can I learn more ?
You are invited to download Tal’s BlackHat Presentation, Further information and relation to other research work could be found at ArsTechnica at This link.