Published by Global Banking and Finance Review
Posted on August 4, 2025
5 min readLast updated: January 22, 2026
Global treaty on plastics pollution faces challenges from oil producers and Trump rollbacks, risking environmental progress.
By Olivia Le Poidevin and Valerie Volcovici
GENEVA (Reuters) -Hopes for a "last-chance" ambitious global treaty to curb plastic pollution have dimmed as delegates gather this week at the United Nations in Geneva for what was intended to be the final round of negotiations.
Diplomats and climate advocates warn that efforts by the European Union and small island states to cap virgin plastic production - fuelled by petroleum, coal and gas - are threatened by opposition from petrochemical-producing countries and the U.S. administration of President Donald Trump.
Plastic production is set to triple by 2060 without intervention, choking oceans, harming human health and accelerating climate change, according to the OECD.
"This is really our last best chance. As pollution grows, it deepens the burden for those who are least responsible and least able to adapt," said Ilana Seid, permanent representative of Palau and chair of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS).
Delegates will meet officially from Tuesday for the sixth round of talks, after a meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-5) in South Korea late last year ended without a path forward on capping plastic pollution.
The most divisive issues include capping production, managing plastic products and chemicals of concern, and financing to help developing countries implement the treaty.
Delegates told Reuters that oil states, including Saudi Arabia and Russia, plan to challenge key treaty provisions and push for voluntary or national measures, hindering progress toward a legally binding agreement to tackle the root cause of plastic pollution.
Government spokespeople for Saudi Arabia and Russia were not immediately available for comment.
Andres Del Castillo, senior attorney at the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), a non-profit providing legal counsel to some countries attending the talks, said oil states were questioning even basic facts about the harm to health caused by plastics.
"We are in a moment of revisionism, where even science is highly politicized," he said.
The U.S. State Department told Reuters it will lead a delegation supporting a treaty on reducing plastic pollution that doesn't impose burdensome restrictions on producers that could hinder U.S. companies.
A source familiar with the talks said the U.S. seeks to limit the treaty's scope to downstream issues like waste disposal, recycling and product design.
It comes as the Trump administration rolls back environmental policies, including a longstanding finding on greenhouse gas emissions endangering health.
Over 1,000 delegates, including scientists and petrochemical lobbyists, will attend the talks, raising concerns among proponents of an ambitious agreement that industry influence may create a watered-down deal focused on waste management, instead of production limits.
The petrochemical industry said it continues to support a global treaty and has been urging the U.S. administration and Congress to "lean in" in negotiations.
Stewart Harris, spokesperson for the International Council of Chemical Associations, said the U.S. in particular has an opportunity "not just at the negotiating table, but really on the implementation of the agreement" to promote the use of new technologies in mechanical recycling and advanced recycling, which turns plastic waste into fuels, plastics and other products, globally.
Republican and Democratic U.S. lawmakers sent separate letters to U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio on Monday pushing for divergent approaches.
A group of House of Representatives Republicans led by Representative Dan Crenshaw of Texas urged the U.S. delegation to push for a treaty that focuses on expanding recycling technology, while a group of Senate Democrats led by Senator Jeff Merkely of Oregon pushed for a deal that includes plastic production caps.
Two-thirds of the Senate is needed to ratify a treaty.
ISLAND STATES VULNERABLE
Small island states are particularly impacted by plastic waste washing ashore, threatening their fishing and tourism economies. They stress an urgent need for dedicated international funding to clean up existing pollution.
"Plastics are a concern for human health because (plastic) contains about 16,000 chemicals, and a quarter of these are known to be hazardous to human health," said Dr. Melanie Bergmann of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany.
Jodie Roussell, global public affairs lead at food giant Nestle and a member of a 300-company coalition backing a treaty to reduce plastic pollution, told Reuters that harmonizing international regulations on packaging reduction and sustainable material use would be the most cost-effective approach.
French politician Philippe Bolo, a member of the global Interparliamentary Coalition to End Plastic Pollution, said that a weak, watered-down treaty that focuses on waste management must be avoided.
Bolo and a diplomatic source from a country attending the talks said the potential of a vote or even a breakaway agreement among more ambitious countries could be explored, as a last resort.
Inger Andersen, executive director of the United Nations Environment Programme, however, said countries should push for a meaningful pact agreed by consensus.
"We're not here to get something meaningless... you would want something that is effective, that has everybody inside, and therefore everybody committed to it," she said.
(Reporting by Olivia Le Poidevin in Geneva, Valerie Volcovici in Washington; additional reporting by Alexander Marrow in London; Editing by Susan Fenton and Leslie Adler)
Plastic production is set to triple by 2060 without intervention, leading to severe environmental impacts, including ocean pollution and harm to human health.
Small island states are particularly vulnerable to plastic waste washing ashore, which threatens their fishing and tourism economies, highlighting the urgent need for international funding.
The U.S. State Department aims to support a treaty that does not impose burdensome restrictions on producers, focusing instead on downstream issues like waste disposal and recycling.
Oil states, including Saudi Arabia and Russia, plan to challenge key treaty provisions and advocate for voluntary measures, which may hinder progress towards a legally binding agreement.
Proponents worry that the presence of over 1,000 delegates, including petrochemical lobbyists, may lead to a diluted agreement that fails to address the urgent need for effective action against plastic pollution.
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