Published by Global Banking and Finance Review
Posted on October 8, 2025
4 min readLast updated: January 21, 2026
The Bank of England warns of market correction risks due to AI and Federal Reserve concerns, impacting global financial stability.
By David Milliken and Phoebe Seers
LONDON (Reuters) -Global financial markets could tumble if investors' mood sours on the prospects for artificial intelligence or the independence of the U.S. Federal Reserve, the Bank of England warned on Wednesday.
The BoE said share price valuations on U.S. stock markets were similar to those seen near the peak of the dotcom bubble on some measures and noted that U.S. government bonds were vulnerable to any weakening in the Fed's credibility.
"The risk of a sharp market correction has increased," the BoE's Financial Policy Committee said in a quarterly update, in its sharpest warning to date of the dangers of an AI-triggered market slump, adding that the risk of spillovers to Britain's financial system from such a shock was "material".
The FPC is chaired by BoE Governor Andrew Bailey and focuses on financial stability risks. Bailey told Britain's parliament last month that he was "very concerned" about threats to Fed independence.
LOSS OF FED INDEPENDENCE WOULD CAUSE GLOBAL SHOCK
President Donald Trump has repeatedly urged the U.S. central bank to slash interest rates and has sought to fire one of its policymakers, Lisa Cook.
"A sudden or significant change in perceptions of Federal Reserve credibility could result in a sharp repricing of U.S. dollar assets, including in U.S. sovereign debt markets, with the potential for increased volatility, risk premia and global spillovers," the BoE said.
British government borrowing costs are closely correlated with U.S. Treasury yields, and a fall in U.S. bond prices would probably push up the cost of servicing new British public debt.
Thirty-year gilt yields hit their highest since 1998 last month and yields for shorter maturities - where most British borrowing is concentrated - have risen too.
The BoE said this increase reflected concerns about the difficulty of reining in high borrowing across advanced economies, amplified by political uncertainty in France and Japan.
AI VALUATIONS ECHO PEAK OF DOTCOM BOOM
On AI, the BoE said that 30% of the U.S. S&P 500's valuation was made up by the five largest companies, the greatest concentration in 50 years.
Chipmaker Nvidia, Microsoft, Apple, Google-parent Alphabet, Amazon and Facebook-parent Meta have all bet heavily on AI.
Share valuations based on past earnings were the most stretched since the dotcom bubble 25 years ago, though looked less so based on investors' expectations for future profits.
"This, when combined with increasing concentration within market indices, leaves markets particularly exposed should expectations around the impact of AI become less optimistic," the BoE said.
Last month Meta boss Mark Zuckerberg said he would rather misspend a couple of hundred billion dollars than risk being late to the AI expansion.
In August, almost half of fund managers polled by Bank of America judged that owning the seven largest U.S. tech stocks was the most crowded trade in the industry.
Despite these concerns, the S&P 500 hit a record high on Tuesday, up 14% on the year to date.
UK DOMESTIC RISKS LITTLE CHANGED
The central bank saw little change in domestic financial stability risks, as households and businesses continued to cope with rising inflation - which it forecasts hit 4% in September - and with increased borrowing costs compared with past years.
Risk managers surveyed by the BoE were more confident in the stability of the British financial system than six months ago, and viewed the main dangers as coming from cyberattacks and geopolitical factors.
The BoE left unchanged its main tools for regulating banks. It kept the countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) steady at 2% and after an annual review left the minimum leverage ratio at 3.25%.
(Writing by David MillikenEditing by Gareth Jones)
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to think and learn. It is used in various applications, including finance, to analyze data and make decisions.
Stock valuations are estimates of the worth of a company's shares based on various factors, including earnings, market conditions, and investor sentiment. They help investors determine whether a stock is overvalued or undervalued.
The Federal Reserve, often referred to as the Fed, is the central bank of the United States. It regulates the nation's monetary policy, manages inflation, and oversees the banking system.
Financial stability risks are potential threats to the financial system's ability to function effectively. These risks can arise from economic downturns, market volatility, or systemic issues within financial institutions.
Monetary policy is the process by which a central bank, like the Federal Reserve, manages the supply of money and interest rates to influence economic activity, inflation, and employment.
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