Published by Global Banking and Finance Review
Posted on November 24, 2025
3 min readLast updated: January 20, 2026
China and Germany aim to strengthen trade ties amid rare earth tensions, focusing on strategic industries and economic cooperation.
By Joe Cash
BEIJING (Reuters) -China pitched stronger ties in its highest‑level talks with Germany's new government as Beijing's top European trade partner seeks to smooth tensions over rare-earth curbs that have choked German production lines and prompted calls for de-risking.
Beijing has staged an uncharacteristically swift turnaround in relations with Berlin since discord over Chinese export curbs on chips and rare earths resulted in German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul cancelling an October trip to China.
"China and Germany are important economic and trade partners," China's Premier Li Qiang told German Chancellor Friedrich Merz on the sidelines of the G20 summit on Sunday, state media reported.
"Our two governments should work together to strengthen dialogue and communication to properly address their respective concerns," a Xinhua readout quoted China's second-ranking official as saying, before pitching closer cooperation in a series of strategic industries.
A meeting between the two had appeared unlikely only months earlier, but with both countries embroiled in the fallout from the U.S.-China trade war and searching for ways to diversify from the world's top consumer market, those differences have been set aside.
Merz is expected to visit China soon, where he should meet Chinese President Xi Jinping, while top diplomat Wadephul agreed with his Chinese counterpart Wang Yi earlier this month to reschedule his trip to the Chinese capital.
Meanwhile, German Finance Minister Lars Klingbeil met with China's top economic official Vice Premier He Lifeng last week for talks that both countries said advanced efforts to move on from the trade tensions.
TRADE TIES TRUMP TENSIONS
For all the friction over Beijing's support for Russia and its actions in the Indo-Pacific, and Berlin's vocal criticism of China's human rights record and state-subsidised industrial policy, the two countries remain bound by a vast and mutually advantageous commercial relationship.
China bought $95 billion worth of German goods last year, around 12% of which were cars, Chinese data shows, putting it among the $19 trillion economy's top 10 trading partners. Germany purchased $107 billion of Chinese goods, mostly chips and other electronic components.
But Berlin stands out for China as an investment partner, having injected $6.6 billion in fresh capital in 2024, according to data from the Mercator Institute for China Studies, accounting for 45% of all foreign direct investment into China from the European Union and the United Kingdom.
Li said he "hoped Germany would maintain a rational and pragmatic policy toward China, (and) eliminate interference and pressure," during their meeting in South Africa, which is hosting the first G20 summit on the continent.
Germany is yet to publish a readout of the meeting.
For Germany, China represents a practically irreplaceable auto market, and is responsible for almost a third of German automakers' sales. German chemicals and pharmaceuticals firms also have a large presence in the country, although they are facing increasing pressure from domestic competitors.
"China is willing to work with Germany to seize future development opportunities ... in emerging fields such as new energy, smart manufacturing, biomedicine, hydrogen energy technology, and intelligent driving," Li said.
(Reporting by Joe Cash; Editing by Richard Chang and Saad Sayeed)
A trade partner is a country or entity that engages in commercial transactions with another, exchanging goods, services, or investments to benefit both economies.
Rare earth elements are a group of 17 chemical elements used in various high-tech applications, including electronics, renewable energy technologies, and defense systems.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when an individual or business invests in assets or businesses in another country, establishing a lasting interest and control.
A strategic industry is a sector deemed crucial for a nation's economic security and growth, often involving advanced technologies or critical resources.
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