Published by Jessica Weisman-Pitts
Posted on April 12, 2022
5 min readLast updated: February 7, 2026
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By Sean Devaney, Vice President Strategy for Banking and Financial Markets at CGI UK
At CGI we are seeing that Variable Recurring Payments are often talked about, at least amongst the more payments obsessed of us anyway, as the next big way to open up access to banking services in the UK. However, unless we get a grip on some of the fundamental commercials of the model, I think they could actually be the death of Open Banking.
What is VRP?
Despite its growth, at CGI we’re still seeing that many are unsure about what Open Banking actually is let alone what Variable Recurring Payments are, so what is a Variable Recurring Payment or VRP? Well, up until now Open Banking has focused on facilitating the gathering of account information from multiple providers and presenting it as a consolidated view for things like personal finance management tools and alternative credit checking models, or to make individual, one-off, payments. VRP is set to change that by allowing you, the account holder, to set up a repeating payment authority. In a lot of ways the functionality is similar to that of a direct debit, you are giving a 3rd party, say a utility company, permission to move money from your account to pay for goods or services, or to sweep money into a savings account; more on that later.
There are, however, several key features of VRP that set it apart from direct debits. Like a direct debit the destination of the payment is fixed, i.e. the account of your utility company, but unlike direct debits the number and/or frequency of payments is limited and there are clear parameters around the amount that can be paid out, either as an individual payment or during a given period of, say, a month or a year.
Future roll out – what to do and by when?
Well, that’s still a little unclear from our perspective at CGI. VRPs are the final part of the Competition and Markets Authority order that compelled the 9 biggest retail banks, the CMA9, to implement Open Banking. But the CMA order only relates to VRPs for sweeping, and even then it’s only the CMA 9 that are compelled to be compliant.
Here’s the critical bit; other VRP use cases could be chargeable, but there is no ruling on who can be charged or by how much so it’s hard to envisage the impact that this could have.
I think that the reality is that when you are looking at the various use cases for VRPs then they all essentially use the same set of APIs and set out the structure of the VRP in the same way as the sweeping use case. It’s hard to see the justification for the banks blocking these types of use cases just because they haven’t been compelled to allow them. The difficult work has already been done, setting up the rules around duration and value for VRPs within the consent model that Open Banking already has built-in.
Its impact in society and the benefits
In terms of how VRPs will impact Open Banking’s ability to effect societal change, charging is key. As I mentioned earlier, sweeping won’t be charged for, as that’s mandated by the CMA, but other VRP use cases could well be charged for.
This type of chargeable model could represent a step backwards for the relationship between banks and third parties that provide innovative services off the back of Open Banking. At the moment one of the unique aspects of the UK’s Open Banking model is that there is no requirement for a contractual relationship between these third party providers and the banks, only with the Open Banking Implementation Entity and the regulator.
It’s this effectively single point of integration that allows new entrants to come into the market and immediately be able to connect to the vast majority of personal and SME payment accounts.
So, assuming that the banks want a return on their investment for VRP there is a question as to who will end up paying for the service, will it be the billers, who are after-all going to end up with the funds in the end, or will it be the payer who is choosing to use VRPs as opposed to the various other payment mechanisms that they can use? Or will it be the TPP who is providing the service?
For consumer VRPs, I would expect this to be free at the point of use, notwithstanding monthly fees, etc. that certain account types attract.
For businesses, it’s a different proposition. Businesses are well used to being charged for both the debit and credit sides of the transaction.
It will be interesting to see what the various banks do in respect of defining the charging models. Those that see VRPs as a threat to existing card revenues, will, I expect look to billing TPPs, with the contractual entanglement that goes with that. Those that see VRPs as an opportunity to leverage their data and to provide customers with novel solutions will, I think, look at charging the billers and to generating revenue from the new services that will inevitably grow around this new mechanism..
Variable Recurring Payments (VRP) allow consumers to authorize third parties to make recurring payments from their bank accounts, similar to direct debits but with more control over payment amounts and frequency.
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