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German parties agree historic debt overhaul to revamp military and economy
Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®
Posted on March 4, 2025
4 min readLast updated: January 25, 2026
Global Banking & Finance Review®
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Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®
Posted on March 4, 2025
4 min readLast updated: January 25, 2026
Germany's coalition plans a 500 billion euro fund and debt rule changes to boost military and economy, with a parliamentary vote next week.
By Andreas Rinke, Riham Alkousaa and Sarah Marsh
BERLIN (Reuters) -The parties hoping to form Germany's next government on Tuesday agreed to create a 500 billion euro infrastructure fund and overhaul borrowing rules in a tectonic spending shift to revamp the military and revive growth in Europe's largest economy.
Friedrich Merz's conservatives and the Social Democrats (SPD), who are in negotiations to form a coalition after a national election last month, will put their proposals to the German parliament next week.
Germany's likely next chancellor, Merz, has seized the moment after the return of Donald Trump to the White House put the transatlantic alliance in turmoil and underlined the urgency for Europe to strengthen its own defences.
Trump froze military aid to Ukraine after a bitter clash last week with its President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, reinforcing fears he could strike a deal with Russia to end the war in Ukraine while disengaging from Europe.
Economists and investors have urged Germany to reform its constitutionally enshrined state borrowing limits - known as the "debt brake" - in order to free up investment and support an economy that has contracted for the past two years.
The reform would mark a rollback of borrowing rules imposed after the 2008 global financial crisis that many have since criticised as outdated and putting Germany into a fiscal straitjacket.
"In view of the threats to our freedom and peace on our continent, whatever it takes must now also apply to our defence," said Merz, leader of the CDU/CSU conservatives.
"We are counting on the United States of America to continue to stand by our mutual alliance obligations in the future. But we also know that the resources for our national and alliance defence must now be significantly expanded."
The euro rose to its strongest level in nearly four months on Wednesday after the news. Euro zone bond yields jumped, with 30-year German yields on course for their biggest one-day rise since the late 1990s. Germany's blue-chip share index had jumped 2.6% by 0811 GMT to trade near a record high.
European defence company shares have soared in recent days as momentum to ramp up spending across the region gathers pace. Defence stocks Rheinmetall and Renk were up between 1.3% and 5.5%, respectively.
"A really big bazooka," wrote Berenberg economist Holger Schmieding, commenting on the German measures. "These proposals for an immediate loosening of Germany’s fiscal rules will likely be enacted. They are a fiscal sea change for Germany."
Merz said the CDU/CSU and SPD would submit a motion to the Bundestag lower house of parliament next week to amend the constitution so defence expenditure above 1% of economic output is exempt from the debt brake.
A commission of experts will separately develop a proposal for modernizing the debt brake to boost investments on a permanent basis.
According to a poll by INSA, 49% of Germans support loosening the debt brake while only 28% are against. But changing the debt rules and creating a special fund require a two-thirds majority in parliament.
The conservatives and SPD are rushing to get the moves passed in the outgoing parliament, given far-right and far-left parties will have a blocking minority in the new parliament after scoring strongly in last month's election.
The radical Left party had already threatened a legal challenge if Germany takes on new debt to fund defence expenditure.
The Greens party, whose support is needed to get the debt brake reform across the line, said it would look at the proposals but made no firm commitment.
"If this succeeds, then the stagnation of the German economy is likely to be overcome quickly," said Sebastian Dullien of the IMK institute.
"Germany is once again economically and militarily capable of taking action."
Merz said he would meet outgoing SPD Chancellor Olaf Scholz on Wednesday to discuss additional aid for Ukraine, with more than 3 billion euros on the table.
"Our country is running on wear and tear, and that is why it was important for us to invest, to invest massively, so that our country functions better again," SPD leader Lars Klingbeil said.
The United States has repeatedly pressured Germany to increase its defence spending to overhaul a military that has felt neglected since the end of the Cold War and diverted weapons to support Ukraine in the war against Russia.
"Pending more clarity on this issue, and being mindful of some execution risk, we believe this is one of the most historic paradigm shifts in German postwar history," said Robin Winkler, chief economist at Deutsche Bank Research.
(Reporting by Andreas Rinke, Riham Alkousaa, Sarah Marsh, Holger Hansen, Markus Wacket, Thomas Escritt; Writing by Matthias Williams; Editing by Mark Heinrich, Lisa Shumaker and Toby Chopra)
The main topic is Germany's proposed debt overhaul to boost military spending and economic growth.
The coalition proposes a 500 billion euro fund and reforms to borrowing rules, exempting military spending from debt limits.
Friedrich Merz of the CDU/CSU and the Social Democrats are leading the coalition negotiations.
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