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Georgia's ethnic minority women keep ancient rugweaving art alive
Published by Global Banking and Finance Review
Posted on February 28, 2025
3 min readLast updated: January 25, 2026
Global Banking and Finance Review
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Published by Global Banking and Finance Review
Posted on February 28, 2025
3 min readLast updated: January 25, 2026
Ethnic minority women in Georgia keep the ancient art of rug weaving alive, providing economic support to their communities.
By Felix Light
KOSALARI, Georgia (Reuters) - Since Zemfira Kajarova arrived in the hill village of Kosalari in southern Georgia as a newly wed almost 50 years ago, she has devoted herself to weaving the village’s distinctive Persian-style woollen carpets.
The 65-year-old grandmother devotes hours each day to the painstaking work, sitting at the decades-old wooden loom in her living room, threading woollen yarn into thousands of individual knots.
“When I was 16, I got married and moved here," she said, adding that no one in her home village, about 40 km (25 miles) away, knew how to weave carpets.
After weaving, the carpets are carefully finished: shaved, beaten, and scorched with a gas burner, flaming off dust and loose ends.
For over a decade, Zemfira has been working with reWoven, a social enterprise initially started by a U.S. missionary, to find buyers willing to pay international prices for local rugs.
The group works with a network of weavers, all of them older women from Georgia’s Muslim Azerbaijani ethnic minority.
Though influenced by Persian rugs, the Borchalo carpets produced by Zemfira and other local weavers are made of woollen yarn, rather than silk, and rely on bold, striking designs on a limited colour palette, instead of the floral motifs favoured in Iranian weaving.
“If we compare rugs to wine, then Iran is like France, and the Caucasus is like Italy,” said William Dunbar, a volunteer co-director at reWoven.
He said: “Everyone knows about Iranian rugs and that still to this day is the global centre of handwoven rug production.”
“But the Caucasus is just as good, but a bit smaller and less famous.”
KEEPING THE CRAFT ALIVE
Under the Soviet Union, and under pressure from modern, mass-produced textiles, local rug making had largely died out, with only a handful of older women in remote villages keeping the craft alive.
Nowadays, the carpet weaving women are not only sustaining a local handicraft, but also providing for their families.
In Kosalari, only 60 km south of Georgia’s capital, Tbilisi, but where ethnic Azerbaijanis make up close to the entire population, Zemfira and her colleagues are an economic lifeline for an otherwise isolated and impoverished community.
Though ethnic Azerbaijanis are Georgia’s largest minority group, accounting for around 6.5% of the country’s population, they are separated from Orthodox Christian Georgians by their Turkic language and mostly Shi’ite Islamic faith.
Concentrated in a string of mostly rural, homogeneous enclaves along Georgia’s southern border, many do not speak Georgian, severely limiting their economic prospects.
In Kosalari, where the land is too dry to support large-scale agriculture and pastureland insufficient to keep animals, incomes are limited to the salaries of a handful of public sector workers and the remittances sent by locals working in countries like Russia, Ukraine and Greece.
That makes the women's work, which sees them net hundreds of dollars per carpet, vital to their villages’ economic survival.
Among a younger generation that has received the Georgian-language education Zemfira never did, and which is more integrated into the country around them, carpet weaving holds only limited appeal as a profession.
“I really like weaving, and we need to keep this culture of carpet weaving going. Sadly, not many people want to weave,” said Zemfira.
“The young people don’t want to, and there aren’t many old people left.”
(Reporting by Felix Light; Editing by Sharon Singleton)
Rug weaving in Kosalari is a vital cultural tradition that sustains local handicrafts and provides economic support for families in the village.
The primary weavers in Kosalari are older women from Georgia's Muslim Azerbaijani ethnic minority, who have kept the craft alive despite modern pressures.
Under the Soviet Union and due to modern textiles, local rug making had largely diminished, with only a few older women maintaining the tradition.
Younger generations, who have received education in Georgian, show limited interest in rug weaving, which is seen as less appealing compared to other job opportunities.
reWoven is a social enterprise that connects local weavers with buyers willing to pay international prices for their rugs, helping to sustain the craft economically.
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