Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®
Posted on July 14, 2025
3 min readLast updated: January 22, 2026
Trump's tariff threat complicates ECB's July decision, but a pause in rate cuts is still expected. Economists doubt the tariff will be implemented.
By Francesco Canepa and Balazs Koranyi
FRANKFURT (Reuters) -U.S. President Donald Trump's threatened 30% tariff on European Union imports is complicating the European Central Bank's decision-making but is unlikely to derail plans for a pause in rate cuts next week, five ECB policymakers told Reuters.
The ECB signalled after its June meeting that it was likely to keep interest rates unchanged on July 23-24.
But the 30% duty floated by Trump is steeper than the ECB had anticipated even under the most negative of three scenarios for the euro zone economy it released last month.
That means the ECB has been forced to come up with new estimates and policymakers to contemplate a more negative outcome than they thought possible in June, said the five sources, all members of the ECB's Governing Council.
They said governors remain reluctant to act on the basis of what is still a threat, however, especially given the sometimes contradictory statements made by Trump's administration since his first announcement of global tariffs in April. Any discussion about rate cuts is therefore likely to be kept for the ECB's September meeting, the sources said.
Trump said on Sunday that his tariffs would kick in on August 1, and the European Commission has also paused its countermeasures until that date.
Market economists have largely said they think it unlikely that Trump will follow through with his tariff threat because of the damage it would cause to the U.S. economy in terms of higher inflation and lower growth.
But should the 30% levy be imposed, they expect the ECB to cut interest rates in response.
Barclays analysts predicted a lowering of the ECB's deposit rate to just 1% by next March from 2% now if the U.S. imposes an average tariff rate on EU goods of 35%, which they estimated would subtract 0.7 percentage points from euro zone growth.
The ECB's latest macroeconomic projections, released in June, pointed to a gradual recovery in the euro zone economy in coming years, with inflation hovering around its 2% target.
Those projections assumed as their baseline a 10% tariff on EU good exports to the U.S., which would put euro zone economic growth at 0.9% this year, 1.1% next year and 1.3% in 2027.
But forecasts under an alternative scenario released at the same time showed that a 20% U.S. tariff would curb growth by 1 percentage point over the same period and also pull down inflation to 1.8% in 2027, from 2.0% in the baseline scenario.
(Editing by Catherine Evans)
The 30% tariff threat complicates the ECB's decision-making, forcing it to consider more negative economic outcomes than previously anticipated.
Market economists largely believe that Trump is unlikely to impose the tariffs due to potential damage to the U.S. economy, including higher inflation.
Should the 30% tariff be imposed, analysts expect the ECB to cut interest rates in response to the economic impact.
The ECB's projections indicated a gradual recovery in the euro zone economy, with inflation expected to hover around its 2% target.
Under a 10% tariff scenario, euro zone growth was projected at 0.9% this year, while a 20% tariff could reduce growth by 1 percentage point.
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