Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®
Posted on February 19, 2025
3 min readLast updated: January 26, 2026
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UK inflation rose to 3.0% in January, surpassing expectations and challenging the BoE's outlook on easing price pressures.
By William Schomberg and David Milliken
LONDON (Reuters) - British inflation sped up by more than expected to hit a 10-month high of 3.0% in January and is likely to rise further soon, testing the Bank of England's confidence that price pressures will ease over the longer term.
The BoE and economists polled by Reuters had expected inflation to rise by less, to 2.8%, after December's reading of 2.5%.
The Office for National Statistics said the increase in January was driven largely by a smaller-than-usual drop in air fares that month - a volatile component that had pushed inflation down in December - and a rise in automotive fuel prices.
Food prices also rose, while another factor was the increase in private school fees after the decision by the government of Prime Minister Keir Starmer to charge value added tax on them.
Overall, services prices - which feature prominently in the debate at the BoE about how quickly to cut interest rates - rose sharply to 5.0% from 4.4%, but by less than the 5.2% rate expected by economists or the central bank.
Sterling momentarily strengthened against the dollar after the figures were published before quickly settling back to its pre-release level.
Zara Nokes, global market analyst at J.P. Morgan Asset Management, said the higher-than-expected headline inflation rate, combined with strong wage growth figures announced on Tuesday, would cause "quite the headache" for the BoE.
"With the hike in employer taxes and the minimum wage increase still coming down the tracks, it is hard to see how inflation dynamics will improve meaningfully in the near term," Nokes said.
Finance minister Rachel Reeves' decision to increase employers' social security contributions comes into effect on April 1 when Britain's minimum wage is also due to rise by almost 7%, raising questions about how much the increased costs for businesses will feed into prices.
Ruth Gregory, an economist with Capital Economics, said she still thought the BoE would continue to cut borrowing costs gradually but "the risk is that the rise in inflation proves more persistent and rates are cut more slowly than we expect, or not as far".
The BoE forecasts that consumer price inflation will peak at 3.7% in the third quarter of 2025, driven mostly by higher energy costs and regulated tariffs for items such as domestic water supply.
But Governor Andrew Bailey and his colleagues say an expected slowdown in the jobs market is likely to keep a lid on higher wage demands this year limiting the risk of a build-up of inflation pressure.
Core inflation, which excludes energy, food, alcohol and tobacco prices, rose to 3.7% from 3.2% in January, in line with the Reuters poll.
(Writing by William Schomberg; Editing by Kate Holton, Rachna Uppal and Tomasz Janowski)
British inflation rose to a 10-month high of 3.0% in January.
The increase was driven by a smaller-than-usual drop in air fares and rising food prices, along with increased private school fees.
The Bank of England had expected inflation to rise to 2.8%, but the actual figure of 3.0% raised concerns about the persistence of inflation pressures.
The BoE forecasts that consumer price inflation will peak at 3.7% in the third quarter of 2025, mainly due to higher energy costs.
Sterling briefly strengthened against the dollar after the inflation figures were released but quickly returned to its pre-release level.
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