Forty Years After Nuclear Disaster, Ukraine's Chornobyl Plant Is Haunted by War

Four Decades After Disaster, Chornobyl Nuclear Plant Faces War and Repairs

Chornobyl Nuclear Plant: Ongoing Challenges and Threats

By Dan Peleschuk and Sergiy Karazy

The Night of the Drone Strike

CHORNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, Ukraine, April 24 (Reuters) - Denys Khomenko betrays no emotion recalling the night last year when a Russian strike drone tore into the protective arc covering the part of the Chornobyl nuclear plant that suffered the world's worst nuclear disaster - narrowly avoiding another tragedy.

Maintaining composure at all times was critical to the high-stakes job of keeping the stricken plant powered and protected as it is slowly decommissioned 40 years on, he said.

"Emotions get in the way of logic, so you need to work calmly," the deputy director for technical operations told Reuters during a recent visit to the plant in its eerily calm wooded exclusion zone some 100 km (60 miles) north of Kyiv.

Immediate Repairs and Ongoing Risks

Workers have since patched up the hole with a large panel dwarfed by the hulking, 256 metre-wide steel structure that covers the damaged reactor four. But further repairs are needed in an environment still too dangerous to linger in.

Damage from Drone

Large swathes of the exclusion zone have close to normal levels of radiation, but some areas, particularly around the destroyed reactor, remain highly contaminated.

"A welder or other highly qualified personnel may only be able to work there for a few minutes, or perhaps a few hours," Khomenko said, noting that meant repairs required a large number of such workers, who were not readily available.

It is a reminder of the acute risks at the facility more than four years into a war involving regular Russian air strikes on infrastructure across Ukraine. Just outside, wild moose roam the approach road and nearby abandoned town of Prypiat, which has succumbed to nature.

Anniversary and the Need for Further Repairs

The drone strike means Ukraine will mark the 40th anniversary of the disaster on Sunday needing to reshield the old sarcophagus covering tons of radioactive debris inside reactor four, which exploded on April 26, 1986 spewing radioactive clouds across much of Europe.

Khomenko is among around 2,250 employees who still work at the facility, which was briefly occupied by Russian forces in the first few weeks of the 2022 invasion that has postponed plans to dismantle the doomed reactor.

Structural Integrity and International Support

The February 14, 2025 drone strike sparked a weeks-long fire, damaging the membrane sealing the original steel-and-concrete structure hurriedly built over the reactor by Soviet authorities in 1986.

Experts say the 2 billion-euro structure, which was meant to last 100 years when it was built in 2016, must be repaired within the next few years to avoid permanent damage.

"The risk is corrosion and that the structure will be undermined, and then this creates a risk in terms of nuclear safety," said Odile Renaud-Basso, the president of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

The bank is seeking to raise funding for the repairs, which it estimates will cost at least 500 million euros.

Chornobyl Plant Lies Near Russian Flight Path

No radioactive leaks have been detected: inside the arc, the original sarcophagus - gray and rusted - remains intact. The control room of reactor four is a darkened space littered with dilapidated Soviet-era equipment.

Security Concerns and Ongoing Threats

Russia denied involvement in the attack, which Ukraine's security service said involved a Shahed drone - a weapon Ukrainian forces do not use. Moscow said Kyiv had attacked its own plant to get more weapons and money from the West.

Ukraine's top state prosecutor told Reuters this week that Russia has repeatedly sent drones and missiles on a flight path near the facility. Ruslan Kravchenko said radars had detected at least 92 Russian drones that had flown within a five-km (3-mile) radius of the shield since June 2024.

Additional Vulnerabilities and Worker Challenges

Khomenko, the deputy director for technical operations, said other parts of the facility were also vulnerable, such as a nuclear-fuel storage site near reactor four.

"It was not designed for the impact of aerial vehicles, planes, or anything else of that kind," he said.

National Guardsmen patrol the plant, which is harder to reach for many workers who spend 13 days at a time there on duty, because the route they used to take through Russian-allied Belarus has been cut.

(Additional reporting by Daniel Flynn; Editing by Philippa Fletcher)