Explainer-How Deutsche Telecom and T-Mobile US Could Pull Off the World's Biggest M&A Deal

Explained: Deutsche Telekom and T-Mobile US Plan Record $300 Billion Merger

Overview of the Deutsche Telekom and T-Mobile US Merger Plans

LONDON/BERLIN, April 22 (Reuters) - Deutsche Telekom is exploring a possible tie-up with T-Mobile US to create a $300 billion telecoms giant, sources said, in what would overtake Vodafone-Mannesmann's $203 billion merger in 1999 to become the biggest M&A deal ever.

The German group already controls 53% of the U.S. unit. But a deal would potentially bring both companies under one entity in a bid to reignite growth in a stagnating telecoms sector, according to a person familiar with the situation and Bloomberg, which was first to report the talks on Wednesday.

A merger would provide scale to compete in both the U.S. and Europe but could also face structural, geopolitical and regulatory challenges, analysts and one industry source said.

Deutsche Telekom and T-Mobile US declined a Reuters request for comment. 

Potential Deal Structure

How Might a Deal Be Structured?

Under one possible scenario, a new holding company would make an all-share offer for both firms. It would be owned by existing shareholders and list in both the U.S. and Europe, the person said.

Such a structure would mirror the $80 billion merger between German gas supplier Linde and U.S. rival Praxair, analysts at MKI Global Partners said in a note.

Case Study: Linde and Praxair Merger

In that 2018 deal, the two firms combined through an all-stock merger of equals under a newly created Irish holding company, Linde Plc. Praxair shareholders had their shares converted into shares of the new entity, while Linde AG shareholders were offered an exchange of their shares for new Linde Plc shares. At the time of the deal the shares of the new holding company were listed in both New York and Frankfurt.

Potential Benefits for Deutsche Telekom

Strategic Rationale and Financial Implications

Deutsche Telekom CEO Timotheus Hoettges had said during full-year results in February that the company was reviewing opportunities to increase its stake in T-Mobile US. 

The industrial rationale for the merger would be to increase the group's overall sum-of-the-parts valuation, given that its U.S. business trades at a significantly higher multiple to Deutsche Telekom, one industry banker and analysts said.

T-Mobile US shares trade at eight times earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) compared with just 4.4 times EBITDA after leases for Deutsche Telekom, Morgan Stanley analysts said in a note.

Market Reaction and Synergies

Still, analysts cautioned that a larger single group could still trade at a discount relative to pure U.S. players, something that has persisted across several European telecoms groups. Deutsche Telekom and T-Mobile shares both fell some 4% on news of the possible merger. 

Synergies in a combination would be minimal, Morgan Stanley analysts said, adding that the main advantages would be greater scale and simplification, giving the group capacity to pursue more M&A deals.

Deutsche Bank agreed a combined structure could provide more efficient access to capital to fund M&A in Europe and the United States. Morgan Stanley added that a larger telecom could defend against rising competition, satellite operators offering internet access, and the need, largely in the U.S., to offer fixed mobile convergent products.

Regulatory and Approval Process

What Approvals Would Be Needed?

Any capital raise would require support from 75% of Deutsche Telekom shareholders and cannot happen without sign-off from Berlin, said Thomas Nienaber of MKI Global Partners. Between the German Ministry of Finance and government-owned KfW, the state controls 28.3%.

He added that T-Mobile US shareholders may have little incentive to swap shares into a German-U.S. company at a low premium.  

Regulatory Hurdles and Political Considerations

Given the deal's size - the transaction would create the world's largest wireless services company - analysts at New Street Research said it would trigger so-called Hart-Scott-Rodino thresholds, and the U.S. Department of Justice Antitrust Division could review it.

The analysts said it would also require Federal Communications Commission approval, which involves a statutory foreign ownership issue, and may also need the approval of the Committee of Foreign Investment in the United States.

"We don't see competition, security, or regulatory issues leading the government to block the deal, but there are significant political issues that might have to be addressed in the deal review," they said.

(Reporting by Hakan Ersen in Berlin, Amy-Jo Crowley and Andres Gonzalez in London, with additional reporting by Harshita Mary Varghese; Editing by Anousha Sakoui and Joe Bavier)