Published by maria gbaf
Posted on September 9, 2021
4 min readLast updated: February 12, 2026
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By Michael Nienaber and Rene Wagner
BERLIN (Reuters) -Britain is on course to lose its status as one of Germany’s top 10 trading partners this year for the first time since 1950, as Brexit-related trade barriers drive firms in Europe’s largest economy to look for business elsewhere.
Britain left the European Union’s single market at the end of 2020, following more than four years of wrangling over the terms of its divorce during which corporate Germany had already begun to reduce ties with the United Kingdom.
In the first six months of this year, German imports of British goods sank nearly 11% year-on-year to 16.1 billion euros ($19.0 billion), Federal Statistics Office data reviewed by Reuters showed.
While German goods exports to Britain rose 2.6% to 32.1 billion euros, that could not prevent a decline in bilateral trade, by 2.3% to 48.2 billion euros – pushing Britain down to 11th spot from ninth, and from fifth before it voted to leave the EU in 2016.
A December 2020 survey of Germany’s BGA trade association showed one in five companies were reorganizing supply chains to swap out British suppliers for others in the EU.
That trend was becoming more marked, though British businesses were even worse off, said Michael Schmidt, President of the British Chamber of Commerce in Germany, making any turnaround before the end of this year unlikely.
“More and more small and medium-sized companies are ceasing to trade (in Britain) because of these (Brexit-related) hurdles,” Schmidt told Reuters.
The sharp first-half decline was also driven by pull-forward effects before the new hurdles, such as customs controls, kicked in in January.
“Many companies anticipated the problems… so they decided to pull forward imports by increasing stocks,” he said.
‘SHOOTING YOURSELF IN THE FOOT’
While this effect pushed up bilateral trade in the fourth quarter, it cut demand early this year, while problems with the new customs checks also complicated trade from January onwards.
The UK’s poor performance was not just down to a bad January dragging down the average during the first six months of 2021.
In both May and June, bilateral goods trade between Germany and the UK remained below end-2019 levels – in contrast with every other major German trade partner.
“The UK’s loss of importance in foreign trade is the logical consequence of Brexit. These are probably lasting effects,” Gabriel Felbermayr, President of the Kiel-based Institute for the World Economy (IfW), told Reuters.
A data breakdown showed German imports of British agricultural products tumbled by more than 80% in the first six months while imports of pharmaceutical products nearly halved.
“Many small companies simply can’t afford the extra burden of keeping up to date and complying with all the kicked-in customs rules such as health certificates for cheese and other fresh products,” Schmidt said.
But the new trade realities had harmed British companies even more than German ones, which were more used to dealing with different customs regimes around the world as many had been exporting to various non-European countries for decades.
“In Britain, the picture is different,” Schmidt said, adding that many small firms there had exported mainly to the EU so had to start from scratch when confronted with new customs controls.
“For many small British firms, Brexit meant losing access to their most important export market… It’s like shooting yourself in the foot. And this explains why German imports from Britain are in free-fall now.”
He voiced hope that some of the decline might be temporary. “Companies are normally always in a good position to adapt quickly – but this needs time.”
($1 = 0.8455 euros)
(Reporting by Michael Nienaber and Rene WagnerAdditional reporting by Andy Bruce in LondonEditing by John Stonestreet and Gareth Jones)
In the first six months of this year, German imports of British goods sank nearly 11% year-on-year, while German goods exports to Britain rose only 2.6%, leading to a decline in bilateral trade.
Many small British firms have lost access to their most important export market due to new customs controls, making it difficult for them to adapt and comply with the new regulations.
A survey indicated that one in five German companies were reorganizing their supply chains to replace British suppliers with those from the EU, reflecting a significant shift in trade dynamics.
While the current decline in trade is concerning, there is hope that companies will eventually adapt to the new trade realities, although lasting effects from Brexit are expected.
German imports of British agricultural products tumbled by more than 80% in the first six months of the year, highlighting the severe impact of Brexit on this sector.
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