Business
Euro zone downturn deepens, points to winter recession
Published by Jessica Weisman-Pitts
Posted on November 4, 2022
3 min readLast updated: February 3, 2026
Global Banking & Finance Review®
Company
Published by Jessica Weisman-Pitts
Posted on November 4, 2022
3 min readLast updated: February 3, 2026
By Jonathan Cable
LONDON (Reuters) – The downturn in the euro zone economy has deepened as high inflation and fears of an intensifying energy crisis hit demand, adding to evidence the bloc is heading for a winter recession.
A closely-watched survey showed euro zone October business activity contracted at the fastest pace since late 2020. German industrial orders also slumped more than expected in September as foreign demand sank, putting Europe’s largest economy on course for recession.
S&P Global’s final composite Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for the euro zone, seen as a good guide to economic health, fell to a 23-month low of 47.3 in October from September’s 48.1, albeit just above a preliminary 47.1 estimate.
Anything below 50 indicates contraction.
“The final euro zone PMIs for October paint a clear picture of falling activity and sky-high inflation,” said Jack Allen-Reynolds at Capital Economics.
“While it does not yet point to the 0.5% q/q contraction that we have pencilled in for Q4, the new orders and future output PMIs suggest that worse is to come.”
Asked what type of recession the euro zone would endure, 22 of 46 respondents in an October Reuters poll said it would be short and shallow while 15 said it would be long and shallow. Eight said it would be short and deep and only one said it would be long and deep.
In France, the bloc’s second biggest economy, earlier data showed industrial output declined in September although its PMI indicated services sector growth slowed less than initially forecast in October.
Spanish services sector activity contracted for the second straight month in October, weighed down by high inflation again, its PMI showed.
INFLATION FAR ABOVE TARGET
Inflation in the 19 countries using the euro currency surged more than expected last month, reaching 10.7% and more than five times the European Central Bank’s target. Consequently, the ECB is likely to press ahead with more interest rate rises, which will add to the burden faced by indebted consumers.
The ECB was the last among its peers to begin raising rates in this cycle, waiting until July. By year-end the deposit and refinancing rates were forecast to be at 2.00% and 2.50% respectively.
In contrast, the United States Federal Reserve, which began hiking in March, raised interest rates by three-quarters of a percentage point again on Wednesday in what has become the swiftest tightening of U.S. monetary policy in 40 years.
In the euro zone, high operating expenses due to energy, wage and transport costs pushed services firms to raise charges sharply again.
Its output prices PMI was 62.7, the fifth highest reading in the survey’s 24-year history and just below September’s 63.2.
With no end in sight to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, nearly 65% of 34 respondents in the October Reuters poll said the cost of living in the euro zone would worsen or worsen significantly.
Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February, energy costs have soared and with winter nearing several European governments have announced new measures to limit the increase in prices.
“The input and output price PMIs remain extremely strong. While they have fallen from their recent peaks, they are a very long way above their previous highs,” Allen-Reynolds said.
“The upshot is that Europe looks set for a painful winter of weak activity and strong inflation.”
(Reporting by Jonathan Cable)
Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power. Central banks attempt to limit inflation to keep the economy running smoothly.
Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a country's central bank to control the money supply and interest rates to achieve macroeconomic objectives such as controlling inflation and stabilizing currency.
A recession is a significant decline in economic activity across the economy lasting longer than a few months, typically visible in GDP, income, employment, manufacturing, and retail sales.
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