Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®
Posted on November 24, 2025
4 min readLast updated: January 20, 2026
Add as preferred source on GoogleThe UK economy has faced challenges since Rachel Reeves' budget, with slowed growth, high borrowing, and persistent inflation.
By William Schomberg and Suban Abdulla
LONDON (Reuters) -Finance minister Rachel Reeves has vowed for the past year to speed up Britain's economy but growth has slowed recently on worries about more tax increases in her budget on Wednesday.
Below is a summary of economic indicators just over a year after Reeves' first budget, when she raised taxes by the most in more than 30 years.
ECONOMIC GROWTH
Britain's economy had a strong start to 2025 and the International Monetary Fund says Britain is on track for the second-fastest growth among the Group of Seven advanced economies over the year, after the United States.
In 2026, Britain was set to have the third-fastest growth.
However, the economy expanded by just 0.1% in the third quarter, held back in part by a shutdown caused by a cyberattack at carmaker Jaguar Land Rover that hit suppliers too. Purchasing Managers' Index business surveys suggest that tax worries could limit growth to 0.1% in the fourth quarter too.
BORROWING
Britain ran up the highest government borrowing in the April-to-October period since the COVID-19 pandemic, before adjusting for inflation.
The figures showed borrowing for day-to-day spending - which Reeves is aiming to balance with tax revenues by 2030 - was running 10% higher than a year earlier at 84 billion pounds.
LABOUR MARKET LOSING STEAM
Reeves announced big increases in employers' social security contributions and the minimum wage in her 2024 budget. Firms have cited the higher costs as a factor behind a cut in hiring.
Payrolls in September and October suffered the biggest two-month drop since late 2020. The jobless rate rose to its highest since early 2021 at 5.0%, although the survey from which the rate is estimated is being overhauled, leading to questions about its reliability.
The Bank of England believes the worst of the hit from last year's tax increase on employers has now passed.
Wage growth has slowed - inflation-adjusted average earnings in the third quarter were only 0.5% higher than a year earlier.
CONSUMERS HOLD OFF SPENDING
Retail sales volumes in October fell in monthly terms for the first time since May, although some retailers said part of the weakness was due to consumers waiting for this month's Black Friday deals.
The GfK consumer confidence index edged down in November while the British Retail Consortium trade body reported the biggest drop in sentiment since April.
Recent updates from major retailers have shown nervousness about the impact of Reeves' budget on consumer sentiment.
INFLATION FALLS BUT STILL TOO HIGH
Britain's main inflation rate rose to 3.8% in July, August and September from 2.3% in October 2024, with the tax increase on employers adding to price pressures. It slowed to 3.6% last month but remains nearly double the BoE's 2% target.
Measures of core inflation, showing underlying price growth, fell in October. Services inflation was the weakest since December 2024.
Reeves says she wants to help lower inflation and she is expected to cut value-added tax on household energy bills.
INTEREST RATES
The BoE has reduced interest rates five times since the Labour Party won an election in July 2024. But at 4% its benchmark Bank Rate is double that of the European Central Bank.
Investors expect a rate cut in December after November's narrow 5-4 vote for a hold by the Monetary Policy Committee.
Governor Andrew Bailey has said he is open to a cut if more evidence of weaker inflation emerges. Chief Economist Huw Pill last week said he did not expect near-term data to shift his preference for keeping rates on hold.
Interest rate futures on Monday pointed to two or possibly three quarter-point rate cuts by the end of 2026.
(Reporting by Suban Abdulla and William Schomberg; Editing by Aidan Lewis)
Economic growth refers to the increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over a specific period, typically measured by the rise in Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power. It is typically measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
Interest rates are the cost of borrowing money or the return on savings, expressed as a percentage of the principal amount. They are influenced by monetary policy and economic conditions.
Consumer spending is the total amount of money spent by households on goods and services. It is a key driver of economic growth and reflects consumer confidence.
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