Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®
Posted on August 7, 2025
5 min readLast updated: January 22, 2026
Add as preferred source on GoogleThe Bank of England cut interest rates to 4% after a tight vote, highlighting inflation concerns and signaling a potential end to rate cuts.
By William Schomberg, David Milliken and Suban Abdulla
LONDON (Reuters) -The Bank of England cut interest rates on Thursday but four of its nine policymakers - worried about high inflation - sought to keep borrowing costs on hold, suggesting the BoE's run of rate cuts might be nearing an end.
Difficulty reaching an agreement meant the Monetary Policy Committee held two votes for the first time in its history.
With the MPC facing the conflicting risks posed by an inflation rate that the BoE forecasts will soon be double its 2% target and a worsening of job losses, Governor Andrew Bailey and four colleagues backed lowering Bank Rate to 4% from 4.25%.
But that was only after a first round of voting ended in a 4-4-1 split, with external MPC member Alan Taylor initially backing a half-point cut.
"It remains important that we do not cut Bank Rate too quickly or by too much," Bailey told a press conference after the decision, highlighting that Britain's central bank still expected recent higher levels of inflation to be short-lived.
"We stand ready to adjust our course if we see shifts in the balance of risk to the medium term outlook for inflation."
The four members of the MPC who backed keeping rates on hold included Clare Lombardelli, the deputy governor for monetary policy, who broke from the majority for the first time. Chief Economist Huw Pill also voted to keep Bank Rate at 4.25%.
British government bond yields rose and stocks fell after the announcement. Sterling jumped by about half a cent against the U.S. dollar.
Investors trimmed their bets on the possibility of another BoE rate cut by the end of 2025 and were only fully pricing in a cut to 3.75% in February next year, according to data from LSEG.
"The close vote split and the minutes of the meeting underscore the division on the MPC," KPMG UK's chief economist Yael Selfin said. "The division reflects the two-sided risks to the inflation outlook and the uncertainty under which policymakers are operating."
Selfin said she expected one final BoE rate cut in November.
The central bank repeated its guidance about "a gradual and careful approach" to further cuts in borrowing costs but added a new line to its message on the outlook.
"The restrictiveness of monetary policy had fallen as Bank Rate had been reduced," it said, no longer directly saying that policy was still restrictive. It repeated that there was no pre-set path for borrowing costs.
A halt to the process of cutting rates would be a blow for finance minister Rachel Reeves and Prime Minister Keir Starmer, who have struggled to meet their promise to voters to speed up Britain's slow economic growth.
Bailey said in a statement the decision to cut rates for the fifth time since August last year was "finely balanced" although he thought they were still on a downward path.
"But any future rate cuts will need to be made gradually and carefully," Bailey said.
Thomas Pugh, chief economist at audit, tax and consulting firm RSM UK, said that while the BoE's quarterly rate-cutting path remained intact "the chances have risen sharply that this was the last interest rate cut of the year."
CONFLICTING RISKS
The BoE is being pulled in different directions, leaving analysts as well as its own policymakers divided on its most likely moves in the coming months.
Britain's jobs market has weakened in recent months, in part due to a tax hike by Reeves on employers and U.S. President Donald Trump's trade war.
But inflation is rising. The BoE revised up its forecast for a peak in inflation to 4% in September from 3.7% and said it would remain alert to the risk that rising prices - especially for food - could push up wage deals and longer-term price pressures.
"Overall, the MPC judges that the upside risks around medium-term inflationary pressures have moved slightly higher since May," the summary of the meeting said.
The BoE said it expected inflation to return to its 2% target only in the second quarter of 2027, three months later than its previous forecast.
By contrast, the European Central Bank expects inflation in the euro zone to hold below 2%. It has cut borrowing costs eight times since June of last year, three more reductions than those of the BoE.
Inflation has been above the BoE's 2% target almost constantly since May 2021.
It said on Thursday that it expected economic growth of 0.3% in the July-to-September period, up from 0.1% in the second quarter. Longer-term growth forecasts were little changed from its report in May, with annual growth of just over 1% expected in the coming years.
(Writing by William Schomberg; Editing by Catherine Evans)
The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom, responsible for issuing currency, maintaining monetary stability, and overseeing the financial system.
Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank to manage the money supply and interest rates to achieve macroeconomic objectives like controlling inflation and stabilizing the currency.
Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power. Central banks aim to control inflation to maintain economic stability.
Interest rates are the cost of borrowing money or the return on savings, expressed as a percentage of the principal amount. They are a key tool in monetary policy.
The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is a group within the Bank of England that meets regularly to set the official interest rate and make decisions regarding monetary policy.
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