Finance
Italy Says Energy Crisis Puts Its Plans for Defence Spending in Doubt
Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®
Posted on April 23, 2026
3 min readLast updated: April 23, 2026
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Italy’s energy-driven slowdown and rising public debt leave little fiscal room, prompting government officials to warn that planned increases in defence spending—designed to meet NATO’s 5% of GDP goal by 2035—may need to be delayed or reprioritized.
Italy May Delay Defence Spending Increases Due to Economic and Energy Challenges
Italy Faces Economic and Energy Pressures Impacting Defence Spending Plans
By Gavin Jones
ROME, April 23 (Reuters) - Italy may not be able to raise defence spending as planned due to growing economic and public finance difficulties plus the need to counter surging energy prices, a government document said on Thursday.
Government Revises Economic Outlook and Budget Projections
Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni's government cut its growth projections on Wednesday and hiked forecasts for the budget deficit and public debt, reflecting surging energy prices and turmoil in the Middle East.
The Treasury's multi-year budget plan (DFP) issued on Thursday underlined the downside risks to the outlook and said Italy now had little fiscal room for manoeuvre given its need to help families and firms deal with the energy shock.
Re-Prioritizing Spending Due to Fiscal Constraints
"As a result, it will be necessary to re-define our priorities and re-programme the planned spending increases in other areas, including defence," Economy Minister Giancarlo Giorgetti said in an introductory note to the DFP.
NATO Commitments and Domestic Opposition
Italy, along with most other NATO European countries, has agreed to a call from U.S. President Donald Trump for an increase in defence and security spending to 5% of GDP by 2035.
Short-Term Defence Spending Pledges
In the nearer term, Rome's 2026 budget approved in December pledged an increase of 0.5% of GDP by 2028, or about 12 billion euros ($14.03 billion), sparking protests from opposition parties who argue the cash would be better spent on public services.
Italy's Energy Dependency and Economic Vulnerability
Reliance on Imported Gas
ITALY HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON IMPORTED GAS
Highly dependent on imported energy, Italy is particularly vulnerable to the disruptions caused by the Iran conflict.
Gas Supply and European Context
It is Europe's most gas-reliant economy, accounting for 38% of its energy supplies, according to the London-based Energy Institute. It is also the European Union's largest importer of liquefied natural gas through the Persian Gulf.
EU Deficit Rules and National Escape Clause
The European Union is allowing countries to exceed the bloc's deficit limits to increase their defence spending, or in the case of exceptionally averse economic circumstances.
Giorgetti said on Wednesday that Rome may tap this so-called "national escape clause," while the DFP suggests it is more likely to do so to tackle the energy crisis than to hike defence spending.
Future Economic Outlook and Risks
Giorgetti warned on Wednesday the government's latest forecasts, envisaging 0.6% growth both this year and next, may soon have to be revised down, and the DFP said that in a worst-case scenario the economy would contract by 0.2% in 2027.
($1 = 0.8551 euros)
(Reporting by Gavin Jones, Additional reporting by Giuseppe Fonte, Editing by Alvise Armellini and Andrew Cawthorne)
Key Takeaways
- •Energy price surge and Middle East turmoil have forced Italy to sharply downgrade GDP forecasts for 2026–27, undermining defence budget increases (investing.com)
- •Italy’s 2025 deficit hit 3.1% of GDP, breaching EU limits, making it harder to free up fiscal space for defence unless the ‘national escape clause’ is activated—more likely to address the energy crisis (investing.com)
- •Though Italy aims to raise defence spending by up to 0.5% of GDP by 2028 per NATO commitments, economic and budgetary stress may force the government to reprogram this commitment (ainvest.com)
References
Frequently Asked Questions about Italy says energy crisis puts its plans for defence spending in doubt
1Why is Italy reconsidering its plans for defence spending?
Italy faces economic and public finance challenges, along with a need to address high energy prices, limiting its ability to raise defence spending as planned.
2How has the energy crisis impacted Italy's budget?
Surging energy prices have led the Italian government to cut growth forecasts and increase budget deficit and public debt projections.
3What international commitments has Italy made on defence spending?
Italy has agreed with other NATO countries to increase defence spending to 5% of GDP by 2035 and pledged a 0.5% GDP rise by 2028.
4How dependent is Italy on imported energy?
Italy is highly reliant on imported gas, which accounts for 38% of its energy supply, making it vulnerable to energy market disruptions.
5What fiscal measures is Italy considering to address these challenges?
Italy may use the EU's 'national escape clause' to exceed deficit limits, prioritizing support for families and businesses over defence increases.
