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ECB is studying defences against Mythos-powered attacks, Lagarde says

Published by Global Banking & Finance Review

Posted on May 8, 2026

2 min read

· Last updated: May 8, 2026

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ECB Analyzes Defenses Against AI-Driven Mythos Cyberattacks Amid Access Gap

ECB Faces Challenges in Countering Mythos-Powered Cyber Threats

Limited Access to Mythos Hampers European Preparedness

FRANKFURT, May 8 (Reuters) - The European Central Bank is studying defences against cyberattacks powered by artificial intelligence model Mythos but, like the rest of Europe, it is at a disadvantage because it has no access to it, ECB President Christine Lagarde said on Friday.

Mythos: Dual-Use AI for Cybersecurity and Cyberattacks

Developed by Anthropic to find flaws in computer code to help bolster defences against cyberattacks, Mythos is seen however by cybersecurity experts as capable of turbo-charging attacks on banks' technology systems it aims to protect. It has so far only been made available to firms in the United States.

Anthropic’s Controlled Release and Security Concerns

Anthropic itself has said Mythos could be misused and this is why it has only launched it in a test environment to a small group of companies.

ECB’s Response and Strategic Measures

Lagarde lamented the lack of access but said the ECB, which sets interest rates and oversees banks in the euro zone, was studying countermeasures anyway.

Lagarde Highlights Uneven Playing Field

"There's a lot being said about Mythos and it's a very flashy and sexy topic at the moment. It's unfortunately one that divides the level playing field between the U.S. and the rest of the world, given that only U.S. companies have been given access," Lagarde said at an event in Spain.

ECB’s Focus on Defense Against Malign Actors

"I can assure you that from our perspective as ECB, we are trying to elaborate and identify what defence we should have in place in case this is accessed by a malign state actor or malign actors," she added.

State-Sponsored Threats and Supervisory Actions

She said an attack by a state-sponsored actor was more likely given the sheer computing capacity needed.

ECB bank supervisors have also been quizzing banks about their readiness to deal with a new breed of cybersecurity-focussed AI models.

EU Policy Implications and Ongoing Assessments

The European Commission said earlier this week it has been briefed by Anthropic about Mythos' capabilities and it was assessing the implications for EU policies and legislation.

(Reporting by Francesco Canepa; Editing by Susan Fenton and Tomasz Janowski)

Key Takeaways

  • ECB preparing defence strategies against potential Mythos‑powered cyberattacks even without access to the model
  • European regulators and central banks are urging access to Mythos to assess threats and level the playing field with the U.S.
  • Anthropic has limited Mythos access to select firms under Project Glasswing, citing misuse risks, while unauthorized access incidents have raised alarm worldwide

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Mythos and why is it significant to the ECB?
Mythos is an AI model developed by Anthropic to identify and exploit code flaws, which could be used to both strengthen and compromise bank cybersecurity. The ECB is concerned about its potential for powering cyberattacks on European banks.
Why does the ECB lack access to Mythos?
Mythos has only been made available in the United States to select companies and not to organizations in Europe, putting the ECB and the region at a perceived disadvantage.
How is the ECB responding to the Mythos threat?
The ECB is studying countermeasures and defenses against potential attacks, even without direct access to Mythos, and is actively assessing banks' readiness for AI-driven cyber threats.
What concerns were raised by Christine Lagarde about AI in cybersecurity?
Lagarde expressed concern that limited access to Mythos divides the technological advantage between the U.S. and Europe, and increases vulnerability to attacks, especially from state-sponsored actors.
Has the European Commission been involved regarding Mythos?
Yes, the European Commission has been briefed on Mythos' capabilities and is currently assessing the implications for EU policies and cybersecurity legislation.

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