Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®
Posted on December 2, 2025
3 min readLast updated: January 20, 2026
Add as preferred source on GoogleBritain plans to limit jury trials for minor cases to address court backlogs, introducing 'Swift Courts' for faster resolutions. Critics blame under-investment for the crisis.
By Michael Holden and Sam Tobin
LONDON, Dec 2 (Reuters) - Britain will remove the historic right to trial by jury for defendants in many less serious criminal cases in an effort to tackle a growing crisis in the court system, justice minister David Lammy said on Tuesday.
Britain's judicial system is creaking, with tens of thousands of criminal cases stuck in a court backlog and jails so full that prisoners are being released early to ease the strain, with instances of convicts being freed by mistake.
Critics of Lammy's plans say years of neglect and under-investment by successive governments, not jury trials, are to blame for the state of the criminal justice system, with its crumbling court buildings and too few judges and staff.
NEW 'SWIFT COURTS' TO BE CREATED
The new measures announced by Lammy, who is also deputy prime minister, would bar defendants from opting for jury trial in cases where a jail sentence was likely to be less than three years. Trial by jury would remain for serious offences, including murder, rape, robbery and arson.
New "Swift Courts" will be created where a judge will sit alone, taking 20% less time than a jury trial, Lammy said, while complex fraud and financial trials will also become judge-only.
"I'm clear that jury trials will continue to be the cornerstone of the system for the most serious offences," Lammy told parliament. "We now face an emergency in the courts and we must act."
The plans, which have to be approved by parliament, apply only to England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own separate legal arrangements.
The government says there are about 78,000 cases awaiting trial by jury in so-called Crown Courts in England and Wales, and the number is expected to reach 100,000 by 2028, meaning victims face a lengthy wait for justice.
Some trials in London are currently expected to be heard in 2029 or 2030, and there are concerns that some complainants and witnesses are abandoning their cases as a result.
The concept of a right to trial by jury in English law was established by the Magna Carta of 1215. However, more than 90% of criminal cases are already handled by Magistrates' Courts, where a single magistrate or panel of judges adjudicates.
MAGISTRATES TO GET MORE POWERS UNDER PLANNED CHANGES
Under the new reforms, Lammy said magistrates' powers will be extended so they can hand down sentences of up to 18 months, meaning fewer cases will need to go to the Crown Courts.
"We're all proud of our justice system rooted in the Magna Carta. But we must never forget that it implores us not to deny or delay justice," Lammy said.
The Bar Council, which represents trial lawyers, said replacing juries with a magistrate or judge sitting alone was not the answer.
"We have continuously opposed proposals to curtail jury trials because there is no evidence that their removal would reduce the backlog, nor has it been set out how an alternative system would be resourced," said Bar Council chair Barbara Mills.
"We urge the government to reconsider pursuing radical changes under the mistaken belief that radical equals effective."
(Additional reporting by Sarah Young and Sam TabahritiEditing by Gareth Jones)
A jury trial is a legal proceeding where a group of people, known as jurors, are selected to hear evidence and make a decision in a court case.
A magistrate is a judicial officer who administers the law in a court, often handling less serious criminal cases and preliminary hearings.
The Criminal Procedure Code is a set of laws that outlines the procedures for conducting criminal trials and the rights of defendants in the legal system.
Swift Courts are proposed legal settings where a judge will preside over cases without a jury, aimed at expediting the trial process for less serious offenses.
The Magna Carta, established in 1215, is a foundational document that laid the groundwork for the rule of law and the right to a fair trial in England.
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