UK Growth and Interest Rate Differentials
The most frequently cited explanation is that this is a function the improvement in UK growth and interest rate differentials.
There are risks however in being too parochial when explaining the move in sterling.
Sterling’s Role Among Reserve Currencies
The reality is that sterling is a small satellite currency that nestles between the two key reserve currencies – the dollar and the euro.
Dollar Weakness and the Sterling Rally
The real story has been the dollar weakness against the euro
The chart below shows that there has been a close directional correlation in returns between the €/$ (black) and £/$ (red) – implying that the pound needs to see the euro weaken to help drag it down against the dollar.
Eurozone Breakup Risk and Euro Strength
Why has the euro been so strong – this is a function of a reduction in Eurozone breakup risk premia and a big divergence in the supply of euros relative to dollars as represented by the growth of the respective monetary bases of the central banks see chart below.
ECB Policy Shifts and Currency Impacts
If the ECB seeks to counter the deflationary headwinds (and imported price deflation) confronting the region by easing monetary policy and expanding their monetary base then this could be an important catalyst for a correction in the currencies.
A possible sting in the tail for the pound however is that if the euro devalues at a faster rate against the dollar relative to the pound this implies further appreciation of the £/€ cross rate.
