US, China economic chiefs meet in Paris to clear path to Trump-Xi summit

US, China Economic Chiefs Hold Paris Talks to Pave Way for Trump-Xi Summit

Key Developments in US-China Economic Talks

Overview of Paris Discussions

PARIS, March 15 (Reuters) - Top U.S. and Chinese economic officials are set to launch a new round of talks in Paris on Sunday to iron out kinks in their trade truce and clear a smooth path for U.S. President Donald Trump's trip to Beijing to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping at the end of March.

The discussions, led by U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng, are expected to focus on shifting U.S. tariffs, the flow of Chinese-produced rare earth minerals and magnets to U.S. buyers, American high-tech export controls and Chinese purchases of U.S. agricultural products.

The two sides will meet at the Paris headquarters of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, a source familiar with their planning said. China is not a member of the club of 38 mostly wealthy democracies and considers itself a developing country.

U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer will also join the talks, which continue a string of meetings in European cities last year aimed at easing tensions that threatened a near collapse of trade between the world's two largest economies. 

Prospects for Breakthroughs

U.S.-China trade analysts said that with little time to prepare and Washington's attention focused on the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran, prospects for a major trade breakthrough are limited, in Paris or at the Beijing summit.

"Both sides, I think have a minimum goal of having a meeting, which sort of keeps things together and avoids a rupture and re-escalation of tensions," said Scott Kennedy, a China economics expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington.

Trump may want to come away from Beijing with major Chinese commitments to order new Boeing aircraft and buy more U.S. liquefied natural gas and soybeans, but to get that he may need to offer some concession on U.S. export controls, Kennedy added.

Instead, Kennedy said chances were high for a summit that "superficially suggests progress but that really just leaves things about where they've been for the last four months."

Trump and Xi could potentially meet three other times this year, including at a China-hosted APEC summit in November and a U.S.-hosted G20 summit in December that could yield more tangible progress.

Impact of Middle East Tensions

Iran War Oil Concerns

IRAN WAR OIL CONCERNS

The U.S.-Israeli war on Iran will likely come up at the Paris talks, especially in reference to the spike in oil prices and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, through which China gets 45% of its oil.  Bessent on Thursday night announced a 30-day waiver of sanctions to allow the sale of Russian oil stranded at sea in tankers, a move to raise supplies. 

 On Saturday,  Trump urged other nations to help protect shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, after Washington bombed military targets on Iran's Kharg Island oil loading hub and Iran threatened to retaliate . 

China's state-run China Daily newspaper in an editorial called for continuity in the U.S.-China dialogue as a "stabilizing anchor" amid the uncertainty of the "ongoing crisis in the Middle East" and the best way to address specific differences on issues including strategic materials, technology, market access and agriculture.

"In a moment like this, the last thing the world needs is a trade war between its two largest economies," China Daily said.       

Trade Truce Review and Commitments

Progress Since the Busan Deal

TRADE TRUCE REVIEW

The two sides are expected to review their progress in meeting commitments under the October 2025 trade truce declared by Trump and Xi in Busan, South Korea. The deal forestalled a major flare-up in tensions, trimmed U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports, and paused for a year China's draconian export controls on rare earths. It also paused the expansion of a U.S. blacklist of Chinese companies banned from buying high-technology U.S. goods such as semiconductor manufacturing equipment.

China also agreed to buy 12 million metric tons of U.S. soybeans during the 2025 marketing year and 25 million tons in the 2026 season, which will start with the fall harvest.

U.S. officials, including Bessent, have said that China has so far met its commitments under the Busan deal, citing soybean purchases that met initial goals.

Challenges in Rare Earths and Technology

But while some industries are receiving rare earth exports from China, which dominates global production, U.S. aerospace and semiconductor firms are not and are facing worsening shortages of key materials, including yttrium, used in heat-resistant coatings for jet engines.

"U.S. priorities will likely be about agricultural purchases by China and greater access to Chinese rare earths in the short term" at the Paris talks, said William Chou, a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute, a Washington think tank.

New Trade Probes and Tariff Pressures

Section 301 and Forced Labor Investigations

NEW TRADE PROBES

Greer and Bessent also bring a new irritant to the Paris talks, a new "Section 301" investigation into unfair trade practices targeting China and 15 other major trading partners over alleged excess industrial capacity that could lead to a new round of tariffs within months. Greer also launched a similar probe into alleged forced labor practices in 60 countries, including China, that could ban certain imports into the U.S.  

The probes aim to rebuild Trump's tariff pressure on trading partners after the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Trump's global tariffs under an emergency law as illegal. The ruling effectively reduced Trump's tariffs on Chinese goods by 20 percentage points, but he immediately imposed a 10% global tariff under another trade law.

China on Friday denounced the probes and said it reserved the right to take countermeasures. The China Daily editorial added that the probes were "representative of unilateral actions that complicate negotiations."

(Reporting by David Lawder; Editing by Andrea Ricci )