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    Home > Headlines > Explainer-What to expect in Japan's parliamentary vote on new PM
    Headlines

    Explainer-What to expect in Japan's parliamentary vote on new PM

    Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®

    Posted on October 20, 2025

    2 min read

    Last updated: January 21, 2026

    Explainer-What to expect in Japan's parliamentary vote on new PM - Headlines news and analysis from Global Banking & Finance Review
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    Quick Summary

    Japan's parliament is set to vote on a new PM, with Sanae Takaichi likely to become the first female leader, pending support from smaller parties.

    Japan's Upcoming Parliamentary Vote: Who Will Be the Next PM?

    By Kiyoshi Takenaka

    TOKYO (Reuters) -Liberal Democratic Party leader Sanae Takaichi looks set to become Japan's first female prime minister after the right-leaning Japan Innovation Party, known as Ishin, said it was ready to back her premiership. 

    Parliament votes to pick the next premier on Tuesday. Here's how the votes may stack up for Takaichi.

    HOW THE POLL WORKS

    Any candidate who wins a simple majority of votes cast by the lower and upper houses of parliament will get the top job. If no-one secures a simple majority there will be a run-off vote between the two candidates with the most support in the first round, and in the run-off the winner is the candidate with the most votes even if they still don't have a majority. 

    If there is a disagreement between the two chambers, the choice of the lower house prevails. 

    WHAT TAKAICHI NEEDS TO WIN

    The LDP holds 196 of the 465 seats in the lower house, well short of the 233 needed for a simple majority. With Ishin, their combined tally rises to 231. To drum up the two extra votes, the LDP has asked for cooperation from smaller new parties.

    Takaichi's path to succeed Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba had seemed all but certain after she won the presidency of the long-ruling LDP earlier this month, but then the Komeito party quit its 26-year coalition with the LDP, setting off a flurry of negotiations that led to the LDP's deal with Ishin.

    Ishiba last year beat the head of the Constitutional Democratic Party in a run-off to become prime minister although the LDP-Komeito coalition lacked a majority, as some opposition parties stuck to voting for their party leaders, generating a pile of invalid votes.  

    OTHER CONTENDERS 

    The CDP, Japan's largest opposition party with 148 seats in the lower chamber, has decided to vote for its party chief Yoshihiko Noda after failing to win over other opposition parties to agree on a unified candidate, Kyodo news agency reported.   

    Yuichiro Tamaki, head of another opposition group - the Democratic Party for the People - has said his party and the CDP differ significantly on issues such as nuclear energy and security, making an alliance difficult. 

    (Reporting by Kiyoshi Takenaka; Editing by Hugh Lawson)

    Key Takeaways

    • •Japan's parliament is voting for a new prime minister.
    • •Sanae Takaichi may become Japan's first female PM.
    • •The LDP needs additional support to secure a majority.
    • •The Komeito party has left its coalition with the LDP.
    • •Opposition parties struggle to unite behind a candidate.

    Frequently Asked Questions about Explainer-What to expect in Japan's parliamentary vote on new PM

    1What is the main topic?

    The article discusses Japan's parliamentary vote to elect a new prime minister, focusing on Sanae Takaichi's candidacy.

    2Who is Sanae Takaichi?

    Sanae Takaichi is the leader of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party and a candidate for prime minister.

    3What challenges does Takaichi face?

    Takaichi needs additional support from smaller parties to achieve a majority in the parliamentary vote.

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