Finance
Big Drugmakers Must Face US Overcharge Claims on Medications for Low-Income Patients
Published by Global Banking & Finance Review®
Posted on March 17, 2026
2 min readLast updated: March 17, 2026
Quick Summary
A federal appeals court has revived a whistleblower-led False Claims Act suit alleging AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Novartis and Sanofi overcharged Medicare and Medicaid through 340B “penny pricing” violations, sending the case back to district court to proceed. Government—not providers—holds enforcement po
Court Revives Lawsuit Over Drugmakers’ Overcharges for 340B Medications
By Jonathan Stempel
Appeals Court Decision and Background
March 17 (Reuters) - A U.S. appeals court on Tuesday revived a whistleblower lawsuit accusing four large drugmakers of defrauding the federal and state governments out of hundreds of millions of dollars by overcharging on medications for low-income and uninsured patients.
The 9th Circuit Court Ruling
In a 3-0 decision, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Pasadena, California said AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Novartis and Sanofi must defend against claims they violated the federal False Claims Act through their involvement in the Section 340B Drug Pricing Program.
Section 340B Drug Pricing Program Explained
Created by Congress in 1992, the program lets medical providers buy drugs at discounted prices, and at no more than $0.01 -- known as "penny pricing" -- when the drugs' statutory ceiling prices fall below zero.
Allegations and Impact
Adventist Health System/West, a Roseville, California-based nonprofit with more than 440 hospitals and clinics, said many years of overcharges by the four drugmakers caused Medicare and Medicaid to pay inflated reimbursements.
Government Response and Policy Changes
It said this stopped when the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services decided in 2019 to impose large civil fines for Section 340B pricing violations.
Legal Reasoning and Implications
Circuit Judge Roopali Desai wrote for the appeals court that while Section 340B does not give medical providers a private right to sue drugmakers for overcharges, they can sue under the False Claims Act to recover damages for alleged fraud that causes "financial loss" to the government.
Ownership of Claims
Adventist’s claims "belong to the government," and "it does not matter" that Adventist cannot sue on its own behalf, Desai wrote.
Reactions and Next Steps
AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Sanofi and their respective lawyers declined to comment. Lawyers for Adventist did not immediately respond to similar requests.
Case Remanded
The appeals court returned the case to U.S. District Judge Dale Fischer in Los Angeles, who dismissed it in March 2024.
About the False Claims Act
The False Claims Act lets whistleblowers sue on behalf of the government, and share in recoveries.
(Reporting by Jonathan Stempel in New York; Editing by Aurora Ellis)
Key Takeaways
- •9th Circuit ruled covered entities like Adventist can sue under the False Claims Act even though 340B lacks a private right of action—because alleged fraud causes loss to government (congress.gov)
- •HHS implemented a civil monetary penalty (CMP) rule and ceiling‑price database effective January 1 2019 to enforce 340B pricing violations—penny pricing enforced through HHS rulemaking—not provider lawsuits (rwc340b.org)
- •Historically, providers lacked price visibility and enforcement tools; HRSA’s delay in issuing CMP rule and ceiling data left entities vulnerable to overcharges—now central to whistleblower claims (healthpolicy.usc.edu)
References
Frequently Asked Questions about Big drugmakers must face US overcharge claims on medications for low-income patients
1Which drugmakers are accused in the overcharging lawsuit?
AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Novartis, and Sanofi are accused of overcharging for medications provided to low-income and uninsured patients.
2What is the 340B Drug Pricing Program?
The 340B Drug Pricing Program allows medical providers to buy drugs at discounted prices, often at no more than $0.01 when ceiling prices fall below zero.
3Why was the lawsuit against drugmakers revived by the court?
The appeals court found that while medical providers cannot sue under 340B itself, they can sue under the False Claims Act for fraud causing losses to the government.
4What government programs were affected by the alleged overcharges?
The alleged overcharges impacted Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements, leading to inflated payments.
5Who brought the lawsuit and on whose behalf?
Adventist Health System/West brought the lawsuit as a whistleblower on behalf of the federal and state governments.