By Simon Jones, director of product marketing, IPC
Algorithmic Trading and Flash Crash Incidents
On April 23rd, 2013, the markets suffered a brief, precipitous drop as algorithms reacted to “news” from the Associated Press’s Twitter handle that President Obama had been injured in a bombing attack at the White House. In a handful of minutes, the Dow Jones dropped 145 points, Standard & Poor’s 500 Index lost $136 billion in value, and blue chip names like Exxon Mobil Corp., Apple Inc., Johnson & Johnson and Microsoft Corp. lost about 1 percent of their respective values. By all appearances, the market looked as if it were headed for a crash at least as steep as the flash crash in 2010.
Just like the flash crash of 2010, the drop was ephemeral. This time, the damage quickly vanished when it was revealed minutes later to be a hacker hoax, and the markets even ended the day higher than they had opened. However, the incident was a dramatic reminder of a very uncomfortable fact: “dumb” algorithms can only handle things as they are programmed and can do incredible damage in a short period of time due to their lack of human common sense.
Market Risks of Automated Reactions
What some are calling the “Hash Crash”, this second flash crash demonstrates that there are still many dangers in the automation of the market that humans cannot predict. Firms mine every potential data source for information to try to get a miniscule advantage and social media is increasingly used as one of the tools in a traders’ information arsenal.
Social Media’s Expanding Role in Trading
Social media has had a huge impact on our day to day lives and has changed the way information is disseminated. This is now feeding into the trading environment with traders and algorithms alike using social media to gauge market trends that may influence share prices.
However, this presents a real challenge for trading firms. By its very nature social media is a two-way conversation and so firms are cautious about their staff using social media in the workplace, whether they are using it to influence trading decisions or to communicate information about the company. Indeed, in April of this year the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) allowed companies to use social media such as Twitter and Facebook for company announcements.
Despite this the rules around the use of social media in a trading environment are not entirely clear, and evidently enough algorithms were tuned into the Associated Press twitter feed for it to have a significant and almost instant effect.
Speed and Market Feedback Loops
Algorithms react to the news they detect far quicker than humans, which causes other algorithms react to the first algorithms’ movements, and the entire market is caught in a feedback loop of predetermined routines which are unable to react to the market reality. With 74 percent of firms expecting their trading volumes to increase, there are even more chances for something to go wrong. It’s inevitable that something like this will happen again. So what can firms do to ride out that inevitable next time?
Importance of Voice Communications in Finance
With the markets moving at the speed of light every day, more efficient and direct communication across the trading floor and between financial firms and their clients is imperative, particularly voice communication. Trading is a complex activity with a life cycle that moves from front office to back office. While algorithms blindly and near-instantaneously brought the market down, human traders used their voices and talked to each other. Through simple communication, they quickly examined the situation and discerned the likelihood of the news being a hoax due to the source of the news. They then worked out a strategy, with many exploiting the narrow window of opportunity to profit.
Key to this success was having the infrastructure in place to facilitate communication. An extensive array of tools, ranging from voice communication to integration with the PC applications traders use, such as CRM, OMS, and market data applications, enabled quick analysis and quicker communication. Systems that provide the middle- and back-office staff with access to the private lines used by traders and line sharing enables traders to instantly access the appropriate team members. Secure lines to clients coupled with the role voice communication plays in creating, building, and enriching client relationships delivered critical information and enabled rapid decision making.
The 2013 flash crash was caused by rumors that humans would have approached with skepticism, but algorithms took at face value. Whilst you could argue that leaking rumors in an attempt to skew market trends is nothing new, the advent of social media means that the impact of one individual is dramatically amplified when compared to just a few years ago. The potential for criminals to exploit this in the future is huge, and trusting algorithms to discern what is real and what is fake is a risky strategy. It is up to humans to help their firms minimize the impact of fraudulent information, whilst maintaining and maximizing the potential for competitive advantage that receiving news from social media sites can offer.
To accomplish this, it’s necessary to implement optimized voice communications technology and streamlined workflows to help enhance efficiency and collaboration within trading teams, systems that provide voice communications between the front, middle, and back office staff to allow greater transparency and information sharing, and strong relationships with clients built by communication. Keeping a man in the loop is essential, and what this “Hash Crash” has demonstrated is that voice communications play a vital role on the increasingly automated trading floor and can make all the difference between algorithms falling for a hoax and dodging it.
