Published by Global Banking and Finance Review
Posted on February 14, 2025
(Reuters) - Arab states are scrambling to develop a realistic plan for Gaza's future as a counter to U.S. President Donald Trump's vision of the United States taking over the territory and its Palestinian inhabitants being ejected to Egypt and Jordan.
Here are the main Middle East peace initiatives since the Six-Day war in 1967 when Israel seized the West Bank and East Jerusalem, the Sinai peninsula, the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights:
1967 - U.N. Security Council Resolution 242
U.N. calls for "withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict" in return for all states respecting one another's sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence.
1978 - Camp David agreement
Israel and Egypt agree on a framework that leads in 1979 to a treaty requiring Israeli to withdraw from Sinai. It is the first peace deal between Israel and an Arab state.
1991 - Madrid summit
Representatives of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) attend a peace conference. No agreements are reached but the scene is set for direct contacts.
1993-95 - Oslo Accords
Israel and the PLO reach agreement in secret Norway talks for an interim peace deal, recognising each other's "mutual, legitimate and political rights". The deal calls for Palestinian elections and self government for a five-year transitional period, Israeli troop withdrawals and talks about a permanent settlement.
1994 - Israel-Jordan agreement
Jordan becomes the second Arab country to sign a peace treaty with Israel. But the treaty is unpopular and pro-Palestinian sentiment is widespread in Jordan.
2000 - Camp David summit
Israeli and Palestinian leaders meet in the United States but fail to agree. Another Palestinian uprising ensues.
2002 - Saudi Arabia presents an Arab League-endorsed peace plan for full Israeli withdrawal from occupied territory and Israel's acceptance of a Palestinian state in return for normal relations with Arab countries.
2007 - Annapolis summit
Palestinian and Israeli leaders again fail to reach a deal at a U.S.-hosted summit. A Gaza war in 2008 swiftly follows.
2009 - Netanyahu's Bar-Ilan address
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu says he would be prepared for a peace deal that includes the establishment of a demilitarised Palestinian state. He says Palestinians must recognise Israel as the "state of the Jewish people".
2020 - Abraham Accords
The leaders of Israel, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain agree to normalise ties in September 2020. The following month, Israel and Sudan announce they will normalise relations, and Morocco establishes diplomatic ties with Israel in December.
(Compiled by Michael Georgy and Tala Ramadan; Editing by Angus McDowall and David Clarke)
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