Published by Global Banking and Finance Review
Posted on September 16, 2025
4 min readLast updated: January 21, 2026
Belarus and Russia conduct nuclear drills, including Oreshnik missile tests, heightening European tensions. Lukashenko confirms tactical exercises.
By Andrew Osborn and Mark Trevelyan
(Reuters) - Russia and Belarus are rehearsing the launch of Russian tactical nuclear weapons as part of joint war games, Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko said on Tuesday.
State media quoted the Belarusian chief of staff as saying that the exercises also featured Russia's Oreshnik hypersonic missile, which it test-fired last year in the war with Ukraine.
Russia and Belarus are wrapping up five days of war games, codenamed Zapad (West), in a show of force they say is designed to test their combat readiness, but which has unnerved some surrounding countries given the ongoing war.
The war games, which Western military analysts say are designed to intimidate Europe, come just days after Polish and NATO forces say they shot down Russian drones that entered Polish airspace. Warsaw has temporarily closed its border with Belarus as a precaution.
Belarus, a close Russian ally which borders Ukraine and Russia, as well as NATO members Poland, Lithuania and Latvia, hosts Russian tactical nuclear weapons which Moscow retains command and control of. Minsk has been working to reopen and renovate its Soviet-era nuclear storage facilities.
Lukashenko was cited by the Belarusian state news agency Belta as saying that it was only natural that the Russian tactical nuclear weapons were part of the Zapad drills.
"We are practising everything there. They (the West) know this too, we are not hiding it. From firing conventional small arms to nuclear warheads. Again, we must be able to do all this. Otherwise, why would they be on Belarusian territory?" he was quoted as saying.
"But we are absolutely not planning to threaten anyone with this," he added.
The Belarusian Defence Ministry confirmed in a statement that the use of tactical nuclear weapons had been rehearsed along with the deployment of Russia's intermediate-range Oreshnik ballistic missile that Moscow fired at Ukraine for the first time on November 21 last year.
Russian President Vladimir Putin said late last year that Russia could deploy Oreshniks, which he has claimed are impossible to intercept, on the territory of Belarus in the second half of 2025.
Lukashenko, who holds regular talks with Putin, allowed Moscow to use his territory to enter Ukraine in February 2022, but has not committed his own troops to the fighting.
U.S. President Donald Trump has begun cultivating closer ties with Lukashenko, long treated as a pariah by the West, and relaxed some sanctions on Belarus last week in return for the release of 52 prisoners including political opponents of the veteran leader.
In a sign of the warming in relations, U.S. military officers observed part of the Zapad exercise in Belarus on Monday.
WHAT ELSE DO THE ZAPAD EXERCISES INVOLVE?
Russia's Defence Ministry said on Tuesday that nuclear-capable Russian Tu-160 strategic bombers had rehearsed launching cruise missiles over the Barents Sea north of the Nordic countries.
The bombers had flown over the Barents Sea's neutral waters for about four hours, escorted by MiG-31 fighter jets, it said.
Separately, it said Marines belonging to Russia's Northern Fleet practised repelling an amphibious landing by an enemy force on a peninsula in Russia's Murmansk region.
Video showed troops - backed by attack helicopters and fighter jets - using armoured personnel carriers, drones, rocket propelled grenade launchers and automatic weapons - seeing off an imaginary enemy.
Ships from Russia's Baltic Fleet - backed by fighter jets - test-fired cruise missiles at notional enemy ships, as did the fleet's land-based mobile missile launchers.
In Russia's Kaliningrad exclave, troops practised using a Torn-MDM radio reconnaissance complex to detect the location of enemy forces so that their coordinates could be passed on to drone and artillery units.
(Reporting by Reuters; writing by Andrew Osborn/Mark Trevelyan; Editing by Mark Trevelyan)
The Zapad exercises are joint military drills conducted by Russia and Belarus, aimed at testing their combat readiness. They involve various military operations, including rehearsing the use of tactical nuclear weapons.
The drills feature the testing of Russia's Oreshnik hypersonic missile, along with rehearsals for launching tactical nuclear weapons.
Western military analysts perceive the Zapad exercises as a show of force intended to intimidate Europe, especially following incidents involving Russian drones entering Polish airspace.
Lukashenko stated that rehearsing the use of tactical nuclear weapons is natural and emphasized that they are not planning to threaten anyone with these drills.
The Oreshnik missile is significant because Russian President Putin has claimed it is impossible to intercept, and he has indicated plans to deploy it in Belarus by the second half of 2025.
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